ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2020
Machine learning and artificial intelligence research for patient benefit: 20 critical questions on transparency, replicability, ethics, and effectiveness.
Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 227 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
227citing papers in PubMed, 22 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
227 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- "First, do no harm" in the digital era: examining the practicality of the European Health Data Space proposal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence: A systematic literature review.BMC medical ethics · 2026Pooled it
- How Does Medical Artificial Intelligence Revolutionize Physician Productivity?Yonsei medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review and comparison of machine learning and conventional statistical models for predicting cardiovascular events in dialysis patients.Renal failure · 2025Pooled it
- Machine Learning-Based prediction models for postoperative delirium: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- AI for IMPACTS Framework for Evaluating the Long-Term Real-World Impacts of AI-Powered Clinician Tools: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Machine learning and artificial intelligence in type 2 diabetes prediction: a comprehensive 33-year bibliometric and literature analysis.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Pooled it
- Machine learning models including patient-reported outcome data in oncology: a systematic literature review and analysis of their reporting quality.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2024Pooled it
- The Accuracy and Capability of Artificial Intelligence Solutions in Health Care Examinations and Certificates: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Artificial intelligence in the risk prediction models of cardiovascular disease and development of an independent validation screening tool: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Applications of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care diagnostics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2024Pooled it
- Machine learning-based prediction models for pressure injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized Clinical Trials of Machine Learning Interventions in Health Care: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Reporting guideline for the early stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Guideline
- Reporting guideline for the early-stage clinical evaluation of decision support systems driven by artificial intelligence: DECIDE-AI.Nature medicine · 2022Guideline
- Machine learning with neuroimaging data to identify autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroradiology · 2021Pooled it
- Public Covid-19 X-ray datasets and their impact on model bias - A systematic review of a significant problem.Medical image analysis · 2021Pooled it
- The Sandbox Approach and its Potential for Use in Health Technology Assessment: A Literature Review.Applied health economics and health policy · 2021Pooled it
- The reporting quality of natural language processing studies: systematic review of studies of radiology reports.BMC medical imaging · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of research design and reporting of imaging studies applying convolutional neural networks for radiological cancer diagnosis.European radiology · 2021Pooled it
167 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Sebastian VollmerAlan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK.
Bilal A MateenAlan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK.
Gergo BohnerAlan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK.
Franz J KirályAlan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK.
Rayid GhaniUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Pall JonssonScience Policy and Research, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Manchester, UK.
Sarah CumbersHealth and Social Care Directorate, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.
Adrian JonasData and Analytics Group, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.
Katherine S L McAllisterData and Analytics Group, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.
Puja MylesClinical Practice Research Datalink, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, London, UK.
David GrangerMedicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, London, UK.
Mark BirseMedicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, London, UK.
Richard BransonMedicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, London, UK.
Karel G M MoonsJulius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Gary S CollinsUK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
John P A IoannidisMeta-Research Innovation Centre at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Chris HolmesAlan Turing Institute, Kings Cross, London, UK cholmes@stats.ox.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-6667-4943
Harry HemingwayHealth Data Research UK London, University College London, London, UK.
Funding
Cancer Research UK 16895Cancer Research UK 27294Chief Scientist OfficeDepartment of Health 05/40/04Department of Health RP-PG-0407-10314Medical Research Council G0902393Medical Research Council MC_PC_13041Medical Research Council MC_UP_A390_1107Medical Research Council MR/K006584/1Medical Research Council MR/M501633/2Wellcome Trust
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
AlgorithmsArtificial IntelligenceData CollectionHumansMachine LearningReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and Questionnaires
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.