ArticleNeuroImage2020
The shaky ground truth of real-time phase estimation.
Article in NeuroImage, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Induction of LTD-like corticospinal plasticity by low-frequency rTMS depends on pre-stimulus phase of sensorimotor μ-rhythm.Brain stimulationTrial
- Oscillatory brain state-dependent stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalography.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- EEG-based assessment of sustained attention in geriatric inpatients: a feasibility study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Reorganization of Human Brain Waves Across Diverse States of Consciousness.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- State-Guided TMS-EEG for N100 Enhancement Study Based on Whole-Brain EEG Microstates.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Primary Somatosensory to Motor Cortex Microstructural Connectivity Predicts the Mu-Rhythm Phase Effect on Corticospinal Excitability: An EEG-TMS Study.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Mu-Rhythm Phase Modulates Cortical Reactivity to Subthreshold TMS: A TMS-EEG Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smart Devices and Multimodal Systems for Mental Health Monitoring: From Theory to Application.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation increases segregation in the sensorimotor network.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Optimizing real-time phase detection in diverse rhythmic biological signals for phase-specific neurostimulation.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- A Novel Real-time Phase Prediction Network in EEG Rhythm.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- TMS-induced phase resets depend on TMS intensity and EEG phase.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Open access EEG dataset of repeated measurements from a single subject for microstate analysis.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation.Biological psychiatry · 2024Review
- Evaluating and benchmarking the EEG signal quality of high-density, dry MXene-based electrode arrays against gelled Ag/AgCl electrodes.Journal of neural engineering · 2024Article
- Brain state-dependent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for motor stroke rehabilitation: a proof of concept randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Interactions of transcranial magnetic stimulation with brain oscillations: a narrative review.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Review
- Targeting motor cortex high-excitability states defined by functional connectivity with real-time EEG-TMS.NeuroImage · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Instantaneous phase of brain oscillations in electroencephalography (EEG) is a measure of brain state that is relevant to neuronal processing and modulates evoked responses. However, determining phase at the time of a stimulus with standard signal processing methods is not possible due to the stimulus artifact masking the future part of the signal. Here, we quantify the degree to which signal-to-noise ratio and instantaneous amplitude of the signal affect the variance of phase estimation error and the precision with which "ground truth" phase is even defined, using both the variance of equivalent estimators and realistic simulated EEG data with known synthetic phase. Necessary experimental conditions are specified in which pre-stimulus phase estimation is meaningfully possible based on instantaneous amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio of the oscillation of interest. An open source toolbox is made available for causal (using pre-stimulus signal only) phase estimation along with a EEG dataset consisting of recordings from 140 participants and a best practices workflow for algorithm optimization and benchmarking. As an illustration, post-hoc sorting of open-loop transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) trials according to pre-stimulus sensorimotor μ-rhythm phase is performed to demonstrate modulation of corticospinal excitability, as indexed by the amplitude of motor evoked potentials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.