ReviewRedox biology2020
Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity.
Review in Redox biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum extracellular vesicle RNA profiles in long COVID: insights from exercise-induced gene modulation.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Antiviral innate immunity in myocarditis: mechanisms and emerging therapeutics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Cyclofenil blocks the secretion of IL-1β by inhibiting assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome independent of estrogen receptor.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Acute and Chronic Myocarditis in Men and Women.Current heart failure reports · 2026Review
- Sex differences in a mouse model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.Research square · 2026Article
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Function: Endocrine Regulation, Immunometabolic Signaling, and Implications for Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sex- and Diabetes-Dependent Perioperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Trajectories Identify Distinct Hepatorenal Stress Phenotypes After Surgical Coronary Revascularization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Sex differences in immune responses to viruses, bacteria and vaccines.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Sex differences in immune modulation: implications for infection, inflammation, and nutritional supplementation.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Synovial inflammatory macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles exacerbate cartilage lesions with a FMRP-selectively sorted manner in osteoarthritis.Bone research · 2026Article
- Unraveling Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicities: Pathway Insights, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Global lifetime risk of developing myocarditis, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of sit-to-stand chair test and timed up and go test with proposed cutoff point for identifying sarcopenia in community-dwelling older women: a cross-sectional study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Fuzheng Jiedu formula attenuates acute pneumonia by coordinated regulation of macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome and neutrophil NETs.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Nonlinear L-shaped association between composite dietary antioxidant index and risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Severity-dependent metabolic rewiring in COVID-19 based on untargeted metabolomic profiling of patient plasma.PloS one · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by circulating antibodies and immune complexes directed against self-tissues that result in both systemic and organ-specific inflammation and pathology. Most autoimmune diseases occur more often in women than men. One exception is myocarditis, which is an inflammation of the myocardium that is typically caused by viral infections. Sex differences in the immune response and the role of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are well established based on animal models of autoimmune viral myocarditis as well as in mitochondrial function leading to reactive oxygen species production. RNA viruses like coxsackievirus B3, the primary cause of myocarditis in the US, activate the inflammasome through mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein located on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammasome are the primary signaling pathways that increase inflammation during myocarditis, which is increased by testosterone. This review describes what is known about sex differences in inflammation, redox biology and mitochondrial function in the male-dominant autoimmune disease myocarditis and highlights gaps in the literature and future directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.