ReviewBiomolecules2020
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in Epilepsy: A Review Focusing on AMPA and NMDA Receptors.
Review in Biomolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Pleiotropic Genes and Shared Biological Pathways in Epilepsy and Depression Based on GWAS Summary Statistics.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- AMPA Receptor Antagonists in Preclinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Animal Studies.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Epilepsy as a Disorder of Neuroimmune Metabolism: The Kynurenine Pathway as a Link Between Cognitive and Psychiatric Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Distinct Roles of NMDA and AMPA Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Hyperbaric Oxygen-Induced Seizures.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Epilepsy as a Multiscale Network Disorder: Integrating Precision Therapeutics and Emerging Experimental Platforms.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- A multi-target approach using Moringa oleifera leaf extract in ameliorating PTZ-induced epilepsy-like neurobehavior in male rats: in vivo and in silico study.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Combined Inhibition of TRPM4/NMDA Receptor Complex and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors Is Candidate Therapeutic Target for Suppression of Epileptic Seizures and Improvement of Cognitive Impairments.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Uncovering the Key Circuit FOSL2/FOS/EGR3/EGR1, Contributing to the Hyperexcitability of Excitatory Neurons in the Epileptic Temporal Cortex and Hippocampus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mannosylated fisetin/carveol lipid nanocapsules: brain-targeted dual therapy for modulation of epileptogenesis and cognitive deficits.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- New advances in small molecule drugs targeting NMDA receptors.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Naturalizing perceptual experience: the explanatory power of probabilistic computation and the holographic solution.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Morphometric Similarity Loss and Gray Matter Atrophy Align with Neurotransmitter and Mitochondrial Maps in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Diverse species of animal models in epilepsy research: Progress and perspectives.Zoological research · 2025Review
- Effects of Chronic Photobiomodulation with Transcranial Near-Infrared Laser on Seizure Frequency and Brain Metabolomics of Rats with Pilocarpine-Induced Seizures.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Decoding natural products for neuroprotection: Pathway networks and structural insights for drug development.Chinese herbal medicines · 2025Review
- Computational Neuroscience's Influence on Autism Neuro-Transmission Research: Mapping Serotonin, Dopamine, GABA, and Glutamate.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Subcortical Circuits Among Pedunculopontine Nucleus, Thalamus and Basal Ganglia Play Important Roles in Paroxysmal Arousal in Genetic Rat Models of Autosomal Dominant Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- GluN2B mRNA expression and molecular sequence in the brain of pigeons (Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- A review of the putative antiseizure and antiepileptogenic mechanisms of action for soticlestat.Epilepsia · 2025Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It is widely accepted that glutamate-mediated neuronal hyperexcitation plays a causative role in eliciting seizures. Among glutamate receptors, the roles of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in physiological and pathological conditions represent major clinical research targets. It is well known that agonists of NMDA or AMPA receptors can elicit seizures in animal or human subjects, while antagonists have been shown to inhibit seizures in animal models, suggesting a potential role for NMDA and AMPA receptor antagonists in anti-seizure drug development. Several such drugs have been evaluated in clinical studies; however, the majority, mainly NMDA-receptor antagonists, failed to demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety for therapeutic use, and only an AMPA-receptor antagonist, perampanel, has been approved for the treatment of some forms of epilepsy. These results suggest that a misunderstanding of the role of each glutamate receptor in the ictogenic process may underlie the failure of these drugs to demonstrate clinical efficacy and safety. Accumulating knowledge of both NMDA and AMPA receptors, including pathological gene mutations, roles in autoimmune epilepsy, and evidence from drug-discovery research and pharmacological studies, may provide valuable information enabling the roles of both receptors in ictogenesis to be reconsidered. This review aimed to integrate information from several studies in order to further elucidate the specific roles of NMDA and AMPA receptors in epilepsy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.