ArticleNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2020
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for the Long-Term Treatment of Ocular Pain.
Article in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04648085 (Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation (fNMES) in psychophysiological research: Practical recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature.Behavior research methods · 2024Guideline
- Randomized Pilot Study of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Neuropathic/Nociplastic Ocular Pain.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- A Scoping Review of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions to Treat Chronic Ocular Pain.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026Article
- Chronic Ocular Surface Pain: A Missing Member of the Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions?Drugs · 2026Review
- Focused Narrative Review: Non-Pharmacological, Noninvasive Neurostimulation or Neuromodulation Treatment of Ocular Neuropathic Pain.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Electrotherapy in the management of neuropathic corneal pain: narrative review.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Novel Application of Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Ophthalmoplegia in Miller Fisher Syndrome: A Case Report.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- CORONIS symposium 2023: Scientific and clinical frontiers in ocular surface innervation.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Corneal neuropathic pain: a review to inform clinical practice.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for the Prevention of Dry Eye Disease after Photorefractive Keratectomy: Randomized Controlled Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Neuropathic ocular surface pain: Emerging drug targets and therapeutic implications.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2022Review
- Self-Report of Severity of Ocular Pain Due to Light as a Predictor of Altered Central Nociceptive System Processing in Individuals With Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease.The journal of pain · 2022Article
- Long-Term Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Ocular Pain.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Article
- Alternative therapies for dry eye disease.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Dry eye: why artificial tears are not always the answer.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Differential Effects of Treatment Strategies in Individuals With Chronic Ocular Surface Pain With a Neuropathic Component.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Stimulating Tear Production: Spotlight on Neurostimulation.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Exploring the Link Between Dry Eye and Migraine: From Eye to Brain.Eye and brain · 2021Review
- Effects of electrical stimulation on skin surface.Acta mechanica Sinica = Li xue xue bao · 2021Review
- Ocular Surface Pain: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOcular pain is a debilitating condition that is challenging to treat as therapies that target the ocular surface are often ineffective. We previously reported a short-term reduction in ocular pain after one periocular transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) session. The current study aims to elucidate the long-term effect of TENS on ocular pain. MATERIALS AND
methodsFourteen individuals with eye pain were identified as candidates for a TENS device (RS Medical, Vancouver) for home use after a successful trial in clinic between February 2018 and July 2019 at the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital or University of Miami. Ten of the 14 patients were included in this retrospective review, based on the inclusion of receiving and using the device for a minimum of three months. The median age of the ten patients was 47.5 years, range 32-73 years, and eight were male. The main outcome measures were 1) frequency of long-term integration of TENS into ocular pain management and 2) patient reported ocular pain intensity (0-10) pre- vs. post-treatment.
resultsPatients reported an initial median use of the device 14.0 times per week and over time reducing the frequency to 3.0 times per week. All reported that the TENS unit was successfully incorporated into their ocular pain management routine for at least three months (median duration of use 6.5 months, range 3-14 months). Nine of ten patients reported subjective pain reduction with use of the TENS device at home. Overall, pain intensity decreased by approximately 27.4% (mean rank = 5.6, Z = -2.1, p = 0.02) post- vs. pre-treatment. No adverse events associated with TENS were reported in any patient.
conclusionOur preliminary data suggest that TENS can be integrated into the long-term management of ocular pain with improvements in overall pain intensity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.