ReviewImmunology2020
Respiratory microbiome and epithelial interactions shape immunity in the lungs.
Review in Immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic liability of gut microbiota for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung function: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Plasticity of the infant immune system during the perinatal period.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Mitochondria Meet the Lung Microbiome: A Bidirectional Dialogue in Inflammation and Respiratory Diseases.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Dual-transcriptomic analysis of human nasal transcriptome and microbiome reveals host-bacteria associations in symptomatic respiratory infection.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Epithelial alarmins TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 in asthma pathogenesis: mechanistic roles and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Compartmentalization in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- The Clinical Role of the Adenoid Microbiome in the Development of Adenoid Hypertrophy and Otitis Media with Effusion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Integration and Glucocorticoid Regulation of the Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Homeostatic Adaptation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exploring microorganism-host interactions: Emerging organoid models and analytical approaches.mLife · 2026Review
- Investigating the lasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the lung microbiome: no persistent microbial alterations in recovered COVID-19 patients with persistent radiological or respiratory abnormalities.Access microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative progress on the mechanisms of airway mucosal injury induced by different pathogens: SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals microbial community characteristics during acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia and their associations with clinical phenotypes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The intersection between human metapneumovirus and the respiratory microbiome.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Review
- Evaluating short-chain fatty acids in breath condensate as surrogate measurements for systemic levels and investigation into alternative respiratory sample matrices.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Compartmentalization in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Microbial Interconnections in One Health: A Critical Nexus Between Companion Animals and Human Microbiomes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The role and mechanism of lung microbiota in coal mine dust-induced NLRP3 inflammasome upregulate and lung injury.Scientific reports · 2025Article
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The airway epithelium represents a physical barrier to the external environment acting as the first line of defence against potentially harmful environmental stimuli including microbes and allergens. However, lung epithelial cells are increasingly recognized as active effectors of microbial defence, contributing to both innate and adaptive immune function in the lower respiratory tract. These cells express an ample repertoire of pattern recognition receptors with specificity for conserved microbial and host motifs. Modern molecular techniques have uncovered the complexity of the lower respiratory tract microbiome. The interaction between the microbiota and the airway epithelium is key to understanding how stable immune homeostasis is maintained. Loss of epithelial integrity following exposure to infection can result in the onset of inflammation in susceptible individuals and may culminate in lung disease. Here we discuss the current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the pulmonary epithelium interacts with the lung microbiome in shaping immunity in the lung. Specifically, we focus on the interactions between the lung microbiome and the cells of the conducting airways in modulating immune cell regulation, and how defects in barrier structure and function may culminate in lung disease. Understanding these interactions is fundamental in the search for more effective therapies for respiratory diseases.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.