ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Sleep Duration, Bedtime, and Myopia Progression in a 4-Year Follow-up of Chinese Children: The Anyang Childhood Eye Study.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global prevalence of myopia in children using digital devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Pooled it
- Association between myopia and refractive parameters with eye behaviors in childhood aged 6 ~ 9 years: a follow-up study in Beijing.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Functional outcome and patient satisfaction 5y after laser vision correction.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Sleep duration and adolescent vision outcomes: evidence from rural China.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Lifestyle and sleep-related behaviours in children with myopia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Impact of 'Double Reduction' policy on the trend of myopia in school-aged children in Eastern China.Journal of global health · 2025Observational
- Sleep Duration, Sleep Habits, and Social Jetlag From 4 to 6 years Their Impacts on Myopia Among School-Aged Children: The Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Assessment of potential myopia risk factors, including chronotype, in Estonian adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Article
- Interdependence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Myopia.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Review
- Analysis of research hotspots and trends in pediatric ophthalmopathy based on 10 years of WoSCC literature.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Causal relationships between height, screen time, physical activity, sleep and myopia: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Genetic correlation and causal relationship between sleep and myopia: a mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Gender Difference of the Association Between Sleep Duration and Myopia Among Children and Adolescents.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of myopia among school-age children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Effects of Insufficient Sleep on Myopia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and bedtime with myopia progression and axial elongation during a 4-year follow-up in primary school children. Methods: This study included 1887 children (aged 7.09 ± 0.41 years) who had cycloplegic refractions data at baseline and a fourth visit and 2209 children (aged 7.10 ± 0.41 years) for axial length. All children underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry, and standardized questionnaires, including average night-time sleep duration (h/d) and bedtime (time to bed). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent < -0.5 diopters. Results: At the last follow-up, the mean myopia progression and axial elongation for all children were -1.89 ± 1.28 diopters and 1.22 ± 0.57 mm. After stratifying the sleep duration into tertile groups, myopia progression and axial elongation were slower in children with highest sleep duration tertile (P = 0.04 and P =0.014) in girls but not in boys, compared with the middle sleep duration tertile. However, after adjusting for potential confounders, no significant association was found for sleep duration with myopia progression and axial elongation for the children (P = 0.255 and P = 0.068), and the association with axial elongation was only of borderline significance in girls (P = 0.045). The bedtime was not associated with myopia progression and axial elongation in the regression analyses (P = 0.538; P = 0.801). Conclusions: These results show that there was no significant association between sleep duration and bedtime with myopia progression and axial elongation among children. The findings in girls might be related to the earlier onset of puberty.
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