ArticleCancer nursing
Rural-Urban Differences in Neuroimmune Biomarkers and Health Status Among Women Living With Breast Cancer.
Article in Cancer nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighborhood deadwood and yard rewilding modulate commensal microbiomes and inflammatory signals among urbanites.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Impact of Chronic Stress and Anxiety on Interleukin-6, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and on Pathological and Immunohistochemical Parameters in Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause of chronic emotional and psychosocial stressors following breast cancer (BC) treatment, BC survivors are at risk of neuroimmune dysfunction in survivorship. Rural BC survivors experience more health disparities than urban BC survivors. Rural-urban residence as a variable on neuroimmune activity in extended BC survivorship continuum has not been explored.
objectiveTo report the feasibility of studying relationships between neuroimmune activity and perceived health in rural and urban BC survivors.
methodsData from a pilot study of BC survivors (n = 41) were analyzed. Participants were rural (n = 16) and urban (n = 25). Participants completed Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Version 2 Health Survey questionnaires and provided salivary specimens for analysis of salivary α-amylase (sAA), cortisol, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes were used to determine rural or urban residence.
resultsDifferences in immune activity were observed between rural and urban BC survivors (U = 34, P < .05). No rural-urban group differences in neuroendocrine activity were observed. Relationships were observed between perceptions of mental health and sAA (P < .05) in rural BC survivors and between perceptions of mental health and IL-6 (P < .05) in urban BC survivors. Interleukin 6 was positively associated with perceptions of physical health (P < .05) in rural BC survivors.
conclusionPilot data suggest rural-urban residence may be a factor in relationships between neuroimmune function (ie, sAA and IL-6) and perceived health status, particularly social functioning in women with BC. Additional studies with powered designs are indicated. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Although evidence is limited, data support the feasibility of studying relationships between sAA and IL-6 and perceptions of health in women with BC.
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