ArticleBiochemistry and biophysics reports2020
Comparison of autophagy inducibility in various tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their enhanced cytotoxicity via inhibition of autophagy in cancer cells in combined treatment with azithromycin.
Article in Biochemistry and biophysics reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Colorectal cancer cells respond differentially to autophagy induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An overview of autophagy inhibition as a potential clinical strategy in cancer therapy.Molecular pharmacology · 2025Review
- Aniline TFPA enhances camptothecin-induced anti-NSCLC by modulating oxidative stress and impairing autophagy.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Review
- Is Autophagy Targeting a Valid Adjuvant Strategy in Conjunction with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?Cancers · 2024Review
- Article
- A bioinformatic investigation of proteasome and autophagy expression in the central nervous system.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Azithromycin, a potent autophagy inhibitor for cancer therapy, perturbs cytoskeletal protein dynamics.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Autophagy Inhibition Enhances Anti-Glioblastoma Effects of Pyrazolo[3,4-Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2022Review
- Article
- Nintedanib and Dasatinib Treatments Induce Protective Autophagy as a Potential Resistance Mechanism in MPM Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Therapeutics in the Pipeline TargetingPharmacological reviews · 2022Review
- Design and Synthesis of New Thiophene/Thieno[2,3-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Role of autophagy in cholangiocarcinoma: An autophagy-based treatment strategy.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Review
- Targeted disruption of GAK stagnates autophagic flux by disturbing lysosomal dynamics.International journal of molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Induction of synergistic non-apoptotic cell death by simultaneously targeting proteasomes with bortezomib and histone deacetylase 6 with ricolinostat in head and neck tumor cells.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- Azithromycin enhances the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging drugs via lysosomal membrane permeabilization in lung cancer cells.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) induce autophagy in many types of cancer cells. We previously reported that gefitinib (GEF) and imatinib (IMA) induce autophagy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) knock-out A549 and non-BCR-ABL-expressing leukemia cell lines, respectively. This evidence suggests that TKI-induced autophagy is independent of the original target molecules. The present study compared the autophagy-inducing abilities of various TKIs, regardless of their targets, by quantitative autophagy flux assay. We established stable clones expressing the GFP-LC3-mCherry-LC3ΔG plasmid in A549, PC-9, and CAL 27 cell lines and assessed autophagy inducibility by monitoring the fluorescent ratios of GFP-LC3 to mCherry-LC3ΔG using an IncuCyte live cell imaging system during exposure to TKIs viz; GEF, osimertinib (OSI), lapatinib (LAP), lenvatinib (LEN), sorafenib (SOR), IMA, dasatinib (DAS), and tivantinib (TIV). Among these TKIs, DAS, GEF, and SOR exhibited prominent autophagy induction in A549 and PC-9 cells. In CAL 27 cells, IMA, SOR, and LEN, but not GEF, TIV, or OSI, exhibited autophagy induction. In the presence of azithromycin (AZM), which showed an inhibitory effect on autophagy flux, TKIs with prominent autophagy inducibility exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.