ReviewTheranostics2020
Supportive roles of brain macrophages in CNS metastases and assessment of new approaches targeting their functions.
Review in Theranostics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization, immune cell phenotyping and differential gene expression analysis of brain metastases and primary breast cancer samples.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cholesterol Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Brain Metastasis by Stabilizing EGFR Protein to Drive EMT, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Premetastatic Niche Formation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Orchestrating the pre-metastatic niche: roles of stromal mediators and immune cells in metastatic progression and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microglial CX3CR1 signaling mediates stress-induced pain behavior in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell identification of an endothelial cell proximal SPP1Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Macrophages in the premetastatic and metastatic niche: key functions and therapeutic directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Pre-metastatic niche: formation, characteristics and therapeutic implication.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Salvage chemotherapy regimens with arsenic trioxide for relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: a promising approach.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Border-associated macrophages in the central nervous system.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- Engineering choroid plexus-on-a-chip with oscillatory flow for modeling brain metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Article
- Integrins and the Metastasis-like Dissemination of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia to the Central Nervous System.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immune determinants of the pre-metastatic niche.Cancer cell · 2023Review
- Trends in perivascular macrophages research from 1997 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- The Journey of Cancer Cells to the Brain: Challenges and Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A comprehensive profiling of the immune microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastases.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- The theory of tumor ecosystem.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2022Review
- The microenvironment of brain metastases from solid tumors.Neuro-oncology advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metastases to the central nervous system (CNS) occur frequently in adults and their frequency increases with the prolonged survival of cancer patients. Patients with CNS metastases have short survival, and modern therapeutics, while effective for extra-cranial cancers, do not reduce metastatic burden. Tumor cells attract and reprogram stromal cells, including tumor-associated macrophages that support cancer growth by promoting tissue remodeling, invasion, immunosuppression and metastasis. Specific roles of brain resident and infiltrating macrophages in creating a pre-metastatic niche for CNS invading cancer cells are less known. There are populations of CNS resident innate immune cells such as: parenchymal microglia and non-parenchymal, CNS border-associated macrophages that colonize CNS in early development and sustain its homeostasis. In this study we summarize available data on potential roles of different brain macrophages in most common brain metastases. We hypothesize that metastatic cancer cells exploit CNS macrophages and their cytoprotective mechanisms to create a pre-metastatic niche and facilitate metastatic growth. We assess current pharmacological strategies to manipulate functions of brain macrophages and hypothesize on their potential use in a therapy of CNS metastases. We conclude that the current data strongly support a notion that microglia, as well as non-parenchymal macrophages and peripheral infiltrating macrophages, are involved in multiple stages of CNS metastases. Understanding their contribution will lead to development of new therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.