ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Intestinal Dysbiosis and the Developing Lung: The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Gut-Lung Axis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- Maternal and infant gut microbiome.iMeta · 2026Review
- The gut-lung axis in early life: microbiome-associated mechanisms and clinical relevance.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Gut dysbiosis modulates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by promoting EMT through activating TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Tryptophan metabolism: a potential link between the gut microbiota and pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Association of birth weight with lung function and the mediating role of gut microbiota: A STROBE 2-step Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2025Article
- Role of the gut‑lung axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Physiological basis, pathogenesis and immunological modulation (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut microbiome and lung cancer: mechanisms, interactions, and dietary interventions.Gut microbes reports · 2025Review
- Intestinal microbiota changes in early life of very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a nested case-control study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The differential gut microbiota and their MetaCyc pathways in IBRV infected Angus calves.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Role of toll-like receptors in pulmonary immunity: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Precision Medicine for Pulmonary Vascular Disease: The Future Is Now (2023 Grover Conference Series).Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Review
- Yemazhui () ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury modulation of the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B/nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 protein signaling pathway and intestinal flora in rats.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Article
- Lactobacillus plantarum L168 improves hyperoxia-induced pulmonary inflammation and hypoalveolarization in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Impact of hyperoxia on the gut during critical illnesses.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in rats with chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: In extremely premature infants, postnatal growth restriction (PNGR) is common and increases the risk of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Mechanisms by which poor nutrition impacts lung development are unknown, but alterations in the gut microbiota appear to play a role. In a rodent model, PNGR plus hyperoxia causes BPD and PH and increases intestinal Enterobacteriaceae, Gram-negative organisms that stimulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We hypothesized that intestinal dysbiosis activates intestinal TLR4 triggering systemic inflammation which impacts lung development. Methods: Rat pups were assigned to litters of 17 (PNGR) or 10 (normal growth) at birth and exposed to room air or 75% oxygen for 14 days. Half of the pups were treated with the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 from birth or beginning at day 3. After 14 days, pulmonary arterial pressure was evaluated by echocardiography and hearts were examined for right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). Lungs and serum samples were analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Postnatal growth restriction + hyperoxia increased pulmonary arterial pressure and RVH with trends toward increased plasma IL1β and decreased IκBα, the inhibitor of NFκB, in lung tissue. Treatment with the TLR4 inhibitor attenuated PH and inflammation. Conclusion: Postnatal growth restriction induces an increase in intestinal Enterobacteriaceae leading to PH. Activation of the TLR4 pathway is a promising mechanism by which intestinal dysbiosis impacts the developing lung.
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