ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
HSV-2 Infection of Human Genital Epithelial Cells Upregulates TLR9 Expression Through the SP1/JNK Signaling Pathway.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The cell-type-specific roles of Toll-like receptors in herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis.Virulence · 2026Review
- Host Genetic Susceptibility and Antiviral Immunity Shape the Pathogenesis and Outcomes of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Biology · 2026Review
- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Host Immune Response Mechanisms Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Brassicasterol inhibits hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma development via suppression of AKT signaling pathway.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- MDM2 promotes cancer cell survival through regulating the expression of HIF-1α and pVHL in retinoblastoma.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2023Article
- Whole exome sequencing of patients with varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus induced acute retinal necrosis reveals rare disease-associated genetic variants.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), an outer membrane vesicle-based vaccine platform, for efficient viral antigen delivery.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Presentation of antigen on extracellular vesicles using transmembrane domains from viral glycoproteins for enhanced immunogenicity.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- RING-Finger Protein 6 promotes Drug Resistance in RetinoblastomaPathology oncology research : POR · 2022Article
- Duck Plague Virus Negatively Regulates IFN Signaling to Promote Virus ProliferationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Tuftelin 1 (TUFT1) Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Renal Cell CarcinomaPathology oncology research : POR · 2021Article
- Article
- Adenovirus 7 Induces Interlukin-6 Expression in Human Airway Epithelial CellsFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
It is known that herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) triggers the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 signaling pathway and the consequent production of antiviral cytokines in dendritic cells. However, the impact of HSV-2 infection on TLR9 expression and signaling in genital epithelial cells, the primary HSV-2 targets, has yet to be determined. In the current study, by using both human genital epithelial cell lines and primary genital epithelial cells as models, we found that HSV-2 infection enhances TLR9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Such enhancement is virus replication-dependent and CpG-independent, while the HSV-2-mediated upregulation of TLR9 does not activate TLR9 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, a SP1 binding site on TLR9 promoter appears to be essential for HSV-2-induced TLR9 transactivation. Upon HSV-2 infection, SP1 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and consequently binds to TLR9 promoter. By using specific inhibitors, the JNK signaling pathway is shown to be involved in the HSV-2-induced TLR9 transactivation, while HSV-2 infection increases the phosphorylation but not the total level of JNK. In agreement, antagonism of JNK signaling pathway inhibits the HSV-2-induced SP1 nuclear translocation. Taken together, our study demonstrates that HSV-2 infection of human genital epithelial cells promotes TLR9 expression through SP1/JNK signaling pathway. Findings in this study provide insights into HSV-2-host interactions and potential targets for immune intervention.
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