ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Opioid Receptors in Immune and Glial Cells-Implications for Pain Control.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid-Sparing Effects of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Median Sternotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Oliceridine for Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia in Elderly Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Resection Surgery for Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumors: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Indicator of Opioid-Induced Immunosuppression After Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2022Trial
- Modulation of Mu-Opioid Receptor Expression and Functional Impairment of Natural Killer Cells in Neuropathic Pain: Implications for Biomarker Discovery and Personalized Therapies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Opioid Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Targets for Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Water channel changes in astrocytes associated with buprenorphine administration in a rat model of diffuse traumatic brain injury.Research square · 2026Article
- Acute fentanyl and xylazine co-exposure uniquely increase the excitability of dopamine type 2 receptor-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Population prevalence of high-risk pharmacogenetic configurations in a healthy older Australian reference cohort.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The mechanism of dynamic switching between M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia in neuropathic pain: a narrative review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Oxycodone vs Remifentanil for Analgesia in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients: Retrospective Review of Medical Records for Delirium Incidence and Duration.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Article
- Multi-omics identifies a T2DM-associated immune-regulatory network modulated by electroacupuncture.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists as Robust Pain-Modulating Agents: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Pain Modulation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- μ-Opioid Receptor Dynamics in the Parameningeal Tissue During Migraine Attacks.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Harmful Effects of Prescribed Opioids in Children and Adults: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Disruption of DNA methylation underpins the neuroinflammation induced by targeted CNS radiotherapy.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Neurotropic Activity of Novel Dermorphin Analogs Active at Systemic and Noninvasive Administration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opioid receptors comprise μ (MOP), δ (DOP), κ (KOP), and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptors. Opioids are agonists of MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors, whereas nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is an agonist of NOP receptors. Activation of all four opioid receptors in neurons can induce analgesia in animal models, but the most clinically relevant are MOP receptor agonists (e.g., morphine, fentanyl). Opioids can also affect the function of immune cells, and their actions in relation to immunosuppression and infections have been widely discussed. Here, we analyze the expression and the role of opioid receptors in peripheral immune cells and glia in the modulation of pain. All four opioid receptors have been identified at the mRNA and protein levels in immune cells (lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages) in humans, rhesus monkeys, rats or mice. Activation of leukocyte MOP, DOP, and KOP receptors was recently reported to attenuate pain after nerve injury in mice. This involved intracellular Ca
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.