ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2021
Comparison of Immune Microenvironment Between Colon and Liver Metastatic Tissue in Colon Cancer Patients with Liver Metastasis.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The anti-CD33 antibody drug conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin depletes and functionally resets CD33+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with metastatic cancer: a phase 2 single-arm, open-label trial.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Trial
- Assessment of Capecitabine and Bevacizumab With or Without Atezolizumab for the Treatment of Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- The risk of distant organ metastasis and survival analysis in esophageal cancer with different histological subtypes.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Biomaterial-based strategies for postoperative residual tumors: From margin clearance to immune control and tissue repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Dormancy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Tissue Engineering Opportunities forTissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Comprehensive analysis based on tertiary lymphoid structures and tumor budding predicts survival rates in colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Liver microenvironment-driven immunosuppressive niche in colorectal cancer liver metastasis and its therapeutic remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- CRLS1 influences liver metastasis in colon cancer by regulating lipid metabolism pathways.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Current Status of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Advances and emerging trends in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: a bibliometric analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- ATRA upregulates OTUD6B to recruit CD8Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- KCNC3 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker for immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Prognostic assessment of T-cells in primary colorectal cancer and paired synchronous or metachronous liver metastasis.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers associated with liver metastasis in colon adenocarcinoma by machine learning.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- Liver metastasis from colorectal cancer: pathogenetic development, immune landscape of the tumour microenvironment and therapeutic approaches.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- Impact of Patient Characteristics on the Outcomes of Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Single-cell sequencing technology in colorectal cancer: a new technology to disclose the tumor heterogeneity and target precise treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiver metastasis is an indicator of unfavorable responses to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer patients. However, the difference of immune microenvironment between primary tumors and liver metastases has not been well understood. PATIENTS AND
methodsFifty-four colon cancer with liver metastasis patients who received resection of both primary and metastasis lesions have been analyzed. The immune score is based on the density of infiltrating immune cells (CD3+ cell, CD8+ cell, CD11b+ cell, CD11c+ cell, and CD33+ cell) in the center and margin of the tumor. The expression of immune markers between the primary tumor and hepatic metastases was analyzed using Wilcoxon's signed rank test.
resultsAll the five markers had higher expression in tumor margins than center tumor in both primary tumor and hepatic metastases lesions. The expression of CD11c and CD11b had no difference between metastatic lesions and primary tumor. In tumor margins, except CD11b, all the other 4 markers expressed significantly higher in hepatic metastases than in primary tumor. Intra-tumor, CD3 had higher expression in primary tumor than in hepatic metastases, while CD33 had higher expression in hepatic metastases than in primary tumor. CD8+ CD3+ cells of the total CD8+ cell population in primary tumor was significantly higher than in hepatic metastases (36.42% vs. 24.88%, p = 0.0069).
conclusionsThe immune microenvironment between primary tumor and hepatic metastasis is different. More immunosuppressing cells in liver may partially explain why immunotherapy in colon cancer is less effective with liver metastatic disease.
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