ArticleLancet (London, England)2020
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.
45 registry-linked trialsAbstract readLetter
In one paragraph
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 45 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 5,567 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5,567citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The ECLA PHRI COLCOVID Trial
Simulation of Risk of Adverse Drug Events Associated With the Initiation of Drugs Repurposed for the Treatment of COVID-19 in Frail Elderly Adults With Polypharmacy
The Role of Adaptive Immunity in COVID-19 Associated Myocardial Injury
Phase IIa Study Exploring the Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma From Recovered COVID-19 Donors Collected by Plasmapheresis as Treatment for Hospitalized Subjects With COVID-19 Infection
Anti COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Therapy
IV Infusion of Autologous Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Cells for Abatement of Respiratory Compromise in SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19)
Novel Extracorporeal Treatment to Modulate Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 Patients
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Effect in COVID-19 RCT (HBOTCOVID19)
Pilot Study on Cytokine Filtration in COVID-19 ARDS (CytokCOVID19)
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interferon Gamma (IFNg) Inhibition During COVID 19 Inflammation: Randomized, Controlled Study Assessing Efficacy and Safety of Anakinra and Ruxolitinib
Interventional Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (TPE) Alone or in Combination With Ruxolitinib in COVID-19 Positive Patients With PENN Grade 2, 3, 4 Cytokine Released Syndrome (CRS)
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Tocilizumab Versus Methylprednisolone in the Cytokine Release Syndrome of Patients With COVID-19. A Prospective Randomized Controlled Phase II Trial
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ARDS Prevention Trial for COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Using GM-CSF as a Host Directed Therapeutic Against COVID-19 - a Phase 2 Investigator Initiated Trial
Safety and Efficacy of Viusid and Asbrip in Hospitalized Patients in Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialty's Hospital Infected and Diagnosed by SARS-Cov-2 With COVID-19
Complications Risk Factors in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Infection: Role of Proteins Electrophoresis
Scheme of Primary Prevention of Infection by COVID-19, in Workers: Phase II Controlled Clinical Trial, to be Carried Out in Medellín-Antioquia
Evaluation of Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 187 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19
Phase II Randomized Study of Convalescent Plasma From Recovered COVID-19 Donors Collected by Plasmapheresis as Treatment for Subjects With Early COVID-19 Infection
Randomised Single Blinded Clinical Study of Efficacy of Intranasal Probiotic Treatment to Reduce Severity of Symptoms in COVID19 Infection
Dynamics of Hemostatic Parameters in COVID-19 and Comparison of Intervention Strategies Through Adaptive Clinical Trial
A Multi-Center Study Evaluating Clinical Course in Patients With COVID-19 and Its Relationship to Cytokine Storm
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Extracorporeal Blood Purification to Control Hyperinflammation and Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 Patients
Randomized Open Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Eucaloric Ketogenic Nutrition in Comparison With a Standard Nutrition in Covid-19 Disease in Reducing Cytokine Storm Syndrome and ARDS
Early Thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 (ETHIC Trial): an Open Label, Randomized Phase IIIb Trial of Community-based (LMWH) Versus Standard of Care (no Enoxaparin) in COVID-19 Positive Patients
A Phase 2 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Clazakizumab® [Anti-Interleukin (IL)-6 Monoclonal] Compared to Placebo for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection
A Multi-Center, Open-Label Study, Evaluating Safety of Allocetra-OTS for the Prevention of Organ-Failure Deterioration in Severe Patients With COVID-19 and Respiratory Dysfunction
Effect of Collagen-Polyvinylpyrrolidone for the Treatment of Hyperinflammation and the Pulmonary Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients. Double Blind Placebo-controlled Pilot Trial
Retrospective Pilot Study of Vitamin D Status and Immune-inflammatory Status in Different UK Populations With COVID-19 Infection
Utility of Low Doses of Corticosteroids and Cyclosporine Combined With Enoxaparin, in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia at the ISSSTE Regional Hospital, Puebla, During the Contingency Period Due to the SARS-Cov2 Pandemic
Assessment of Netosis During COVID-19, Under Treatment With Anakinra, an Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
Investigating the Inflammatory Cytokines and Cytokine Storm Among Bangladeshi Patients With COVID-19: a Prospective, Observational Study
Clinical Outcome of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated With Corticosteroids and Colchicine in Colombia
Evaluation of the Daily Intake of 0.5 L of Water Saturated With Molecular Hydrogen for 21 Days in COVID-19 Patients Treated in Ambulatory Care. Double-blind, Randomized, Comparative Study
Acute Estradiol and Progesterone Therapy in Hospitalized Adults to Reduce Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Severity: A Randomized Control Trial
Effectiveness of Colchicine Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection
Selenium as a Potential Treatment for Moderately-ill, Severely-ill, and Critically-ill COVID-19 Patients
Comparison of High-dose, Short-term Steroid and Low-dose Long-term Steroid Use in ARDS Caused by COVID-19 - Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Expression of Toll-like Receptors 3 , 7 and 9 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of COVID-19 Patients
Hemoperfusion With the Efferon CT Extracorporeal Adsorbers Containing Mesoporous Styrene-divinylbenzene Copolymer in Patients With Severe Covid-19
Immune Modulation by Stem Cell Derived Exosomes in Critically Ill COVID-19
Retrospective Study of COVID-19 on Reproductive Function and Assisted Reproductive Technology Pregnancy Outcome in China
The Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Novel Coronavirus Infection on Reproductive Function and Assisted Pregnancy Outcome
The Role of Cellular Therapy With SVF Cells (Stromal Vascular Fraction) of Adipose Tissue Origin in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis Post COVD-19
Who cites it
5,567 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mortality Assessment in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of clinical trials conducted since the pandemic onset.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Diabetes Mellitus, a Leading Comorbidity in COVID-19: an Insight on Pathophysiology, Molecular Interactions, and Comprehensive Management.Current microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term neurological and cognitive impact of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis in over 4 million patients.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Cytomegalovirus DNAemia in Hospitalized Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection Requiring Supplemental Oxygen: Virologic and Clinical Characteristics and Association With Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Pathophysiology of COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ICAT-COVID Clinical Trial of the Bradykinin Antagonist Icatibant.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Ruxolitinib for Emergency Treatment of COVID-19-Associated Cytokine Storm: Findings From an Expanded Access Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Trial
- Triptolide-loaded MSC membrane nanoparticles with enhanced pulmonary accumulation for the treatment of acute lung injury: from network pharmacology to experimental validation.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Plasma proteomics reveal SERPINA1 and CD59 as candidate biomarkers for COVID-19 severity stratification and prognosis prediction.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Generation of DFNA5-deficient chickens reveals a species-specific role of pyroptosis in avian antiviral immunity.Transgenic research · 2026Article
- Hyperinflammatory nutritional index as an exploratory combined inflammatory and nutritional marker: associations with cytokines and β2-microglobulin in COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- Article
- Safety and Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life After Epidural Oxygen Injection for Long COVID/Post-COVID Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Profiling and Proteomic Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Jing Guan Fang in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Proteomic analysis identifies pathways related to immune dysregulation in patients with hematologic malignancies after COVID-19 infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Unmet Need of Olfactory Testing in Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways-An EAACI Position Paper.Allergy · 2026Review
- Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Consequences of Long COVID.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Fatigue after COVID-19 infection is associated with peripheral immunometabolic alterations affecting neuroimmune responses in the hippocampus.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
5,507 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Puja MehtaCentre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
Daniel F McAuleyWellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
Michael BrownHospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2PG, UK.
Emilie SanchezDepartment of Clinical Virology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2PG, UK.
Rachel S TattersallDepartment of Rheumatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
Jessica J MansonDepartment of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2PG, UK. Electronic address: jessica.manson@nhs.net.
HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK
Funding
Wellcome Trust
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
Antirheumatic AgentsBetacoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentCOVID-19 SerotherapyCytokinesHumansImmunization, PassiveImmunoglobulins, IntravenousImmunosuppression TherapyImmunosuppressive AgentsInflammationPandemicsPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Antirheumatic AgentsCytokinesImmunoglobulins, IntravenousImmunosuppressive AgentsSteroids
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04328480ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04339634ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04340921ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04343755ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04345679ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04352803ClinicalTrials.gov
and 39 more above
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.