ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Free to Circulate: An Update on the Epidemiological Dynamics of Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV-2) in Italy Reveals the Role of Local Spreading, Wild Populations, and Foreign Countries.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of PCV2 and PCV3 circulating in domestic pigs and wild boars in central-southern regions of Italy.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Further evidence of the host plasticity of porcine circovirus-2: detection of the virus in domestic dogs in Namibia.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Sow reproductive disorders: a key issue affecting the pig industry.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Complete genome sequence of a porcine circovirus type 2 strain, PCV2/CN/GD/2018/10, obtained in Guangdong, China, in 2018.Microbiology resource announcements · 2024Article
- D for dominant: porcine circovirus 2d (PCV-2d) prevalence over other genotypes in wild boars and higher viral flows from domestic pigs in Italy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Evidence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genetic Shift from PCV2b to PCV2d Genotype in Sardinia, Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- Revisiting Porcine Circovirus Infection: Recent Insights and Its Significance in the Piggery Sector.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Europe: Patterns and determinants.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Genotype Shift of Malaysian Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) from PCV2b to PCV2d within a Decade.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Wild Boar in Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Detection and characterisation of porcine circoviruses in wild boars in northeastern Serbia.Veterinarni medicina · 2022Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Characterization of PCV2 Circulating in Wild Boars in Southwestern Ethiopia.Journal of tropical medicine · 2022Article
- The Oryx Antelope (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Detection and Characterization of Viral Pathogens Associated with Reproductive Failure in Wild Boars in Central Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Porcine Gammaherpesviruses in Italian Commercial Swine Population: Frequent but Harmless.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Porcine Circovirus 2 Genotypes, Immunity and Vaccines: Multiple Genotypes but One Single Serotype.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Lack ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Genetic Characterization of Porcine Circovirus 3 Strains Circulating in Sardinian Pigs and Wild Boars.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Global Challenges and Advancements in the Management of Pivotal Porcine/Swine Viral Diseases.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is one of the most impactful and widespread pathogens of the modern swine industry. Unlike other DNA viruses, PCV-2 is featured by a remarkable genetic variability, which has led to the emergence and recognition of different genotypes, some of which (PCV-2a, 2b, and 2d) have alternated over time. Currently, PCV-2d is considered the most prevalent genotype, and some evidence of differential virulence and vaccine efficacy have been reported. Despite the potential practical relevance, the data on PCV-2 epidemiology in Italy are quite outdated and do not quantify the actual circulation of this genotype in Italy. In the present study, 82 complete ORF2 sequences were obtained from domestic pigs and wild boars sampled in Northern Italy in the period 2013-2018 and merged with those previously obtained from Italy and other countries. A combination of phylogenetic, haplotype network, and phylodynamic analyses were used to genotype the collected strains and evaluate the temporal trend and the spatial and host spread dynamics. A rising number of PCV-2d detections was observed in domestic pigs, particularly since 2013, reaching a detection frequency comparable to PCV-2b. A similar picture was observed in wild boars, although a lower sequence number was available. Overall, the present study demonstrates the extreme complexity of PCV-2 molecular epidemiology in Italy, the significant spread across different regions, the recurrent introduction from foreign countries, and the frequent occurrence of recombination events. Although a higher viral flux occurred from domestic to wild populations than vice versa, wild boars seem to maintain PCV-2 infection and spread it over relatively long distances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.