ReviewNutrients2020
Modulation of Cellular Biochemistry, Epigenetics and Metabolomics by Ketone Bodies. Implications of the Ketogenic Diet in the Physiology of the Organism and Pathological States.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06273631 (Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Changes in Carbohydrate Intake Patterns on Glucose Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The Diurnal Blood Metabolome and Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: A Randomised Crossover Trial in Postmenopausal Women.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Trial
- Amino Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Ketogenic diet, cardiometabolic diseases and aging.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2026Article
- Critical Nutrients in Ketogenic Diets for Infants and Children Under Ten Years of Age-A Hypothetical Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Preoperative Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet Versus Low-Calorie Diet in Bariatric Surgery: A Prospective Comparative Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Relationships of SGLT2 inhibition, circulating metabolites, and cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Preliminary study on ketone body metabolism in anaplastic thyroid cancer.European thyroid journal · 2026Article
- Ketogenic Diet and Brain Health: Cerebrovascular Mechanisms, Neuroprotection, and Translational Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The value of targeting ketone body metabolism in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The central benefit of physiologically induced ketogenic states.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Maternal diabetes-associated neural tube defects: evidence for β-hydroxybutyrate-related HDAC1/3-H3K27ac-MEST-LRP6 dysregulation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Dietary tributyrin supplementation in Parkinson's disease: An open-label target engagement study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Butyrate modifies epigenetic and immune pathways in peripheral mononuclear cells from children with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with chromatin dysregulation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Prolonging Partial Remission in Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Low-Carbohydrate Diet: A Literature Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Impact of Diabetes on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Neurological Outcomes Following Ischemic Stroke: A Sex-Based Experimental Analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate: the forgotten metabolic regulator of oxygen affinity.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Review
- Alteration of Gut Microbiota by Ketogenic Diet as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Impact of Ketogenic Nutrition on Obesity and Metabolic Health: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Nutrition reviews · 2025Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs), comprising β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone, are a set of fuel molecules serving as an alternative energy source to glucose. KBs are mainly produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of fasting, and prolonged or intense physical activity. In diabetes, mainly type-1, ketoacidosis is the pathological response to glucose malabsorption. Endogenous production of ketone bodies is promoted by consumption of a ketogenic diet (KD), a diet virtually devoid of carbohydrates. Despite its recently widespread use, the systemic impact of KD is only partially understood, and ranges from physiologically beneficial outcomes in particular circumstances to potentially harmful effects. Here, we firstly review ketone body metabolism and molecular signaling, to then link the understanding of ketone bodies' biochemistry to controversies regarding their putative or proven medical benefits. We overview the physiological consequences of ketone bodies' consumption, focusing on (i) KB-induced histone post-translational modifications, particularly β-hydroxybutyrylation and acetylation, which appears to be the core epigenetic mechanisms of activity of β-hydroxybutyrate to modulate inflammation; (ii) inflammatory responses to a KD; (iii) proven benefits of the KD in the context of neuronal disease and cancer; and (iv) consequences of the KD's application on cardiovascular health and on physical performance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.