ReviewNutrients2020
Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Critical Analysis of Potentials and Threats.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of Coffee/Caffeine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review.Journal of evidence-based integrative medicinePooled it
- Vitamin D3 Supplementation Modulates Inflammatory Protein CHI3L1/YKL-40 and Oxidative Stress Status in Multiple Sclerosis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Trial
- From the Perspective of the Peripheral Sensory Nervous System: The Role of Vitamin D in Neurogenic Inflammatory Skin Disorders.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Associations between urinary arsenic and vitamin D deficiency: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2011-2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D and Mineral Ion Regulation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Diet and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence With UK Biobank Nested Case-Control Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- Immuno-nutritional therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a translational pathway to multiple sclerosis management.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Breaking the Cycle: Can Vitamin D Bridge the Gap Between Gut Microbiota and Immune Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Transcriptomic profiling of immune modulation induced by vitamin DScientific reports · 2025Article
- Circadian Regulation of Vitamin D Target Genes Reveals a Network Shaped by Individual Responsiveness.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin D affects antiphospholipid syndrome by regulating T cells (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Investigation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency prevelance in healthy adults aged 18-65 years in Istanbul, Türkiye.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Neurological Health: Unraveling Risk Factors, Disease Progression, and Treatment Potential.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Microglial Lcn2 knockout enhances chronic intracerebral hemorrhage recovery by restoring myelin and reducing inflammation.Theranostics · 2025Article
- Association between anemia and vitamin D deficiency in German seniors : A retrospective data analysis.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2024Article
- Targeting Calcitriol Metabolism in Acute Vitamin D Toxicity-A Comprehensive Review and Clinical Insight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, vitamin D has gained attention, as low serum levels are suspected to increase the risk for MS. Cholecalciferol supplementation has been tested in several clinical trials, since hypovitaminosis D was linked to higher disease activity and may even play a role in long-term outcome. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular effects of vitamin D beyond calcium homeostasis, the potential beneficial action in MS and hazards including complications of chronic and high-dose therapy. In clinical trials, doses of up to 40,000 IU/day were tested and appeared safe as add-on therapy for short-term periods. A recent meta-analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating vitamin D as add-on therapy in MS, however, suggested that vitamin D had no therapeutic effect on disability or relapse rate. We recognize a knowledge gap for chronic and high-dose therapy, which can lead to life-threatening complications related to vitamin D toxicity including renal failure, cardiac arrythmia and status epilepticus. Moreover, vitamin D toxicity may manifest as fatigue, muscle weakness or urinary dysfunction, which may mimic the natural course of progressive MS. Given these limitations, vitamin D supplementation in MS is a sensitive task which needs to be supervised by physicians. While there is strong evidence for vitamin D deficiency and the development of MS, the risk-benefit profile of dosage and duration of add-on supplementation needs to be further clarified.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.