ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2020
Residential Setting and the Cumulative Financial Burden of Dementia in the 7 Years Before Death.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case Definition for Diagnosed Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias in Medicare.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Economic Analysis of the Tailored Activity Program: A Nonpharmacological Approach to Improve Quality of Life in People Living With Dementia and their Caregivers.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Trial
- Estimating the magnitude and scope of disability-related direct costs: a systematised review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Association between physical activity levels, sedentary time, and mild cognitive impairment in older adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Improving information sharing in Medicaid home and community-based services with learning health systems: Implications for older adults and individuals living with disabilities and dementia.Learning health systems · 2025Article
- Characterizing financial risk from out-of-pocket expenditures across dementia stages.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Breaking the silence: understanding the unique burden on informal Black male dementia caregivers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Incremental Healthcare Costs of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Changes in Out-of-Pocket Drug Expenditures Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia Under the Inflation Reduction Act: A Simulation Study.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025Article
- Absence of care among community-dwelling older adults with dementia and functional limitations.Nature aging · 2025Article
- The gut microbiome, immune modulation, and cognitive decline: insights on the gut-brain axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Risk of Antipsychotic Initiation Among Older Dementia Patients Initiating Cholinesterase Inhibitors.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2025Article
- Suicide risk among spouses of patients with dementia: a population-based cohort study.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Current and Future Replacement and Opportunity Costs of Family Caregiving for Older Americans With and Without Dementia.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Association between physical activity levels and mild cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- How Do Researchers Identify and Recruit Dementia Caregivers? A Scoping Review.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Medicare expenditures among spouses of persons with dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Natural language processing to identify social determinants of health in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia from electronic health records.Health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCare for older adults with dementia during the final years of life is costly, and families shoulder much of this burden. We aimed to assess the financial burden of care for those with and without dementia, and to explore differences across residential settings.
designUsing the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and linked claims, we examined total healthcare spending and proportion by payer-Medicare, Medicaid, out-of-pocket, and calculated costs of informal caregiving-over the last 7 years of life, comparing those with and without dementia and stratifying by residential setting.
settingThe HRS is a nationally representative longitudinal study of older adults in the United States.
participantsWe sampled HRS decedents from 2004 to 2015. To ensure complete data, we limited the sample to those 72 years or older at death who had continuous fee-for-service Medicare Parts A and B coverage during the 7-year period (n = 2909). MEASUREMENTS: We compared decedents with dementia at last HRS assessment with those without dementia across annual and cumulative 7-year spending measures, and personal characteristics. We present annual and cumulative spending by payer, and the changing proportion of spending by payer over time, comparing those with and without dementia and stratifying results by residential setting.
resultsWe found that, consistent with prior studies, people with dementia experience significantly higher costs, with a disproportionate share falling on patients and families. This pattern is most striking among community residents with dementia, whose families shoulder 64% of total expenditures (including $176,180 informal caregiving costs and $55,550 out-of-pocket costs), compared with 43% for people with dementia residing in nursing homes ($60,320 informal caregiving costs and $105,590 out-of-pocket costs).
conclusionThese findings demonstrate disparities in financial burden shouldered by families of those with dementia, particularly among those residing in the community. They highlight the importance of considering the residential setting in research, programs, and policies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1319-1324, 2020.
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Registered trials
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