ArticleExperimental brain research2020
I-waves in motor cortex revisited.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modifies cortical excitability in middle-aged and older adults.Psychophysiology · 2025Trial
- Induction of LTD-like corticospinal plasticity by low-frequency rTMS depends on pre-stimulus phase of sensorimotor μ-rhythm.Brain stimulationTrial
- Mechanisms of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Computational investigation of circuit mechanisms underlying short-latency responses to cortical stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- State-Dependent Temporal Dynamics of Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition Across Current Direction and Pulse Duration Using Controllable Pulse-Parameter TMS.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Coil Orientation in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Motor-evoked Potential Size more than its Timing or Waveform Shape.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Height-dependent variation in corticospinal excitability modulation after active but not sham intermittent theta burst stimulation.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation by repetitive paired-pulse TMS at late I-wave intervals in older adults.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Level of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Circuits and mechanisms for TMS-induced corticospinal waves: Connecting sensitivity analysis to the network graph.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- A New Angle on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Coil Orientation: A Targeted Narrative Review.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2024Review
- A computational model elucidating mechanisms and variability in theta burst stimulation responses.Journal of computational neuroscience · 2024Article
- Circuits in the motor cortex explain oscillatory responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of sleep deprivation on cortical excitability: A threshold-tracking TMS study and review of the literature.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2024Article
- Repetitive paired-pulse TMS increases motor cortex excitability and visuomotor skill acquisition in young and older adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation: interpreting a simple measure of a complex system.The Journal of physiology · 2023Review
- Modulation of dorsal premotor cortex differentially influences I-wave excitability in primary motor cortex of young and older adults.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Developmental models of motor-evoked potential features by transcranial magnetic stimulation across age groups from childhood to adulthood.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
I-waves represent high-frequency (~ 600 Hz) repetitive discharge of corticospinal fibers elicited by single-pulse stimulation of motor cortex. First detected and examined in animal preparations, this multiple discharge can also be recorded in humans from the corticospinal tract with epidural spinal electrodes. The exact underpinning neurophysiology of I-waves is still unclear, but there is converging evidence that they originate at the cortical level through synaptic input from specific excitatory interneuronal circuitries onto corticomotoneuronal cells, controlled by GABAAergic interneurons. In contrast, there is at present no supportive evidence for the alternative hypothesis that I-waves are generated by high-frequency oscillations of the membrane potential of corticomotoneuronal cells upon initial strong depolarization. Understanding I-wave physiology is essential for understanding how TMS activates the motor cortex.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.