ReviewFrontiers in oncology2020
A Bump in the Road: How the Hostile AML Microenvironment Affects CAR T Cell Therapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes with chimeric antigen receptor t-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Biology to Clinical Practices Through Development and Pre-Clinical Therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Wilms' tumor 1 helper peptide OCV-501 in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Trial
- Preclinical advances and mechanistic insights of CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: from target iteration to microenvironment regulation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Cholesterol Reprogramming in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Integrating Tumor-Intrinsic Metabolism and Immune Crosstalk.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- CD84 is a specific target for acute myeloid leukemia CAR-T cell therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- IL-15 overexpression promotes memory program and anti-tumor activity of CD64 CAR T cells in a preclinical AML model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Immunological barriers and engineering strategies for CAR-T cell therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Impact of IL-21 on CAR T-cell manufacturing: phenotypic, metabolic, and functional outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From monoclonals to bispecific T cell engagers: the evolving antibody-based therapy landscape in acute myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- International consensus guidelines for the conduct and reporting of CAR T-cell clinical trials in AML.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Have CARs stalled for non-B-cell malignancies? Where are we, and where are we going?Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2025Review
- Article
- MicroRNA-142 improves IL1RAP CAR-T cell activity in acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapies in AML: breaking barriers and charting the future.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of T-cell metabolic reprogramming in the microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia and its therapeutic potential (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Expanding the frontier of CAR therapy: comparative insights into CAR-T, CAR-NK, CAR-M, and CAR-DC approaches.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 TCR-Edited NKp30 CAR T Cells Exhibit Superior Anti-Tumor Immunity to B7H6-Expressing Leukemia and Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CAR-T cell therapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, advances and outcomes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have been successful treating patients with relapsed/refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and B cell lymphomas. However, relapse after CAR T cell therapy is still a challenge. In addition, preclinical and early clinical studies targeting acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have not been as successful. This can be attributed in part to the presence of an AML microenvironment that has a dampening effect on the antitumor activity of CAR T cells. The AML microenvironment includes cellular interactions, soluble environmental factors, and structural components. Suppressive immune cells including myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells are known to inhibit T cell function. Environmental factors contributing to T cell exhaustion, including immune checkpoints, anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and metabolic alterations, impact T cell activity, persistence, and localization. Lastly, structural factors of the bone marrow niche, secondary lymphoid organs, and extramedullary sites provide opportunities for CAR T cell evasion by AML blasts, contributing to treatment resistance and relapse. In this review we discuss the effect of the AML microenvironment on CAR T cell function. We highlight opportunities to enhance CAR T cell efficacy for AML through manipulating, targeting, and evading the anti-inflammatory leukemic microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.