ArticleBMJ open2020
Double burden of malnutrition in children aged 24 to 59 months by socioeconomic status in five South Asian countries: evidence from demographic and health surveys.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adolescent pregnancy is associated with child undernutrition: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Double burden of malnutrition by mid-childhood in an Indian birth cohort: a longitudinal study (2010-2021).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Impact of Elective Caesarean Delivery on Double Burden of Malnutrition and Its Contribution to Wealth-Based Inequality: A Decomposition Analysis Across South Asian Countries.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Accuracy of a smartphone-based 3D imaging tool for height measurement and stunting detection among children 24-59 months of age in Nepal: a validation study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Article
- Socioeconomic Patterning of Stunting and Overweight Among Iranian Children Aged 2-5 Years: A National Cross-Sectional Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Trends, and Determinants of Double Burden of Malnutrition Among the Mother-Child Dyads of Pakistan.International journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with double burden of malnutrition among children under 5: a cross-sectional analysis of NFHS-4 data in India.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- The effect of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition in Syrian children aged 0-6 years living in Turkey: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Concordance of weight status between mothers and children: a secondary analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and health survey VII.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Associations between social determinants of health and weight status in preschool children: a population-based study.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
- The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in fifty-two low- and middle-income countries.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
- Intra-household double burden of overweight/obesity and anaemia: Evidence from 49 low-and middle-income countries.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence, Trends, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Amongst Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Obesity and Metabolic Care of Children of South Asian Ethnicity in Western Society.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Factors Associated with Stunting among Children under 5 Years in Five South Asian Countries (2014-2018): Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Population and Individual-Level Double Burden of Malnutrition Among Adolescents in Two Emerging Cities in Northern and Southern Nigeria: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Annals of global health · 2020Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of underweight and overweight among children in South Asia. We also examined other factors that were associated with these outcomes independently of household's socioeconomic status.
designNationally-representative surveys. SETTINGS: Demographic and Health Surveys from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Maldives and Nepal, which were conducted between 2009 and 2016.
participantsChildren aged 24 to 59 months with valid measurement for height and weight (n=146 996). PRIMARY EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary exposures were household's wealth index and level of education. Underweight and overweight were defined according to the WHO and International Obesity Task Force definitions, respectively.
resultsUnderweight prevalence was 37% in Bangladesh, 38% in India, 19% in Maldives, 29% in Nepal and 28% in Pakistan. Bangladesh, India and Nepal had similar overweight prevalence (between 2% and 4%) whereas Pakistan (7%) and Maldives (9%) had higher prevalence. Households with higher wealth index or education had lower odds of having underweight children. Adjusted ORs of underweight for richest versus poorest households were 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.5), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.5 to 0.6), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.2 to 1.4), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.8) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.1) for Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal and Pakistan, respectively. Compared with poorest households, richest households were more likely to have overweight children in all countries except Pakistan, but such associations were not significant after adjustment for other factors. There were higher odds of having overweight children in households with higher education in Bangladesh (OR 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3 to 3.5)), India (OR 1.2 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.3)) and Pakistan (OR 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.9)) when compared with households with no education. Maternal nutritional status was consistently associated with children's nutritional outcomes after adjustments for socioeconomic status.
conclusionsOur study provides evidence for socioeconomic inequalities for childhood underweight and overweight in South Asian countries, although the directions of associations for underweight and overweight might be different.
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