ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2020
Live bird markets as evolutionary epicentres of H9N2 low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in Korea.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Development of multiplex real-time RT‒PCR assays for the simultaneous detection and lineage differentiation of H9 avian influenza viruses.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Genetic and Pathogenicity Studies of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Virus Isolated from Chickens in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2025.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Genetic and Epidemiological Evidence of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Detection Among Poultry in Ghana, 2022.Viruses · 2026Article
- Long-Term Immunogenicity and Protection of a rHVT-H9/Y280 Vaccine Against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Commercial Layers with High Maternal Antibodies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Evolution and Spread of Y280-Lineage H9N2 Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Korea, 2020-2023.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Molecular characterisation of novel reassortants of the G57 genotype of low-pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus isolated from poultry farms in Malaysia.Archives of virology · 2024Article
- Amplification of avian influenza virus circulation along poultry marketing chains in Bangladesh: A controlled field experiment.Preventive veterinary medicine · 2024Article
- Modelling the transmission dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in a live bird market.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Protection of Chickens against H9N2 Avian Influenza Isolates with a Live Vector Vaccine Expressing Influenza Hemagglutinin Gene Derived from Y280 Avian Influenza Virus.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Differing Expression and Potential Immunological Role of C-Type Lectin Receptors of Two Different Chicken Breeds against Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Simultaneous construction strategy using two types of fluorescent markers for HVT vector vaccine against infectious bursal disease and H9N2 avian influenza virus by NHEJ-CRISPR/Cas9.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Contamination ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Epidemiological investigation of poultry infectious in Kazakhstan (2021-2024).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Engineering an Optimal Y280-Lineage H9N2 Vaccine Strain by Tuning PB2 Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Current situation and control strategies of H9N2 avian influenza in South Korea.Journal of veterinary science · 2023Review
- Prevalence and risk factors for avian influenza virus (H5 and H9) contamination in peri-urban and rural live bird markets in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Phylogenetic analysis, molecular changes, and adaptation to chickens of Mexican lineage H5N2 low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses from 1994 to 2019.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Live bird markets (LBMs) in Korea have been recognized as a reservoir, amplifier, and source of avian influenza viruses (AIVs); however, little was known about the role of LBMs in the epidemiology of AIVs in Korea until recently. Through 10 years of surveillance (2006-2016) we have isolated and sequenced H9N2 viruses in Korean LBMs. To understand how H9N2 evolves and spreads in Korea, a statistical Bayesian phylogenetic model was used. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that three separate introductions of progenitor gene pools, Korean domestic duck-origin and two wild aquatic bird-origin AIVs, contributed to the generation of the five genotypes of H9N2 viruses in Korea. Phylogenetic reconstruction of ecological states infer that the LBMs are where chickens become infected with the virus, with domestic ducks playing a major role in the transmission and evolution of the H9N2 viruses. Three increases in the genetic diversity of H9N2 viruses were observed and coincided with transitions in host species and the locations (domestic farm, LBM, slaughterhouse, and wild aquatic bird habitat) where the viruses were isolated, accompanying genetic reassortment. Following the introduction of a wild aquatic bird-origin AIVs in 2008, six genes of the Korean lineage H9N2 virus were replaced with genes originating from wild aquatic birds, and viruses with this new genotype became predominant in Korean LBMs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.