ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Disease among Individuals Exposed to Lead: A Pilot Study.
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined Effects of Social and Behavioral Factors on Stress and Depression.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combined Effects of Environmental Metals and Physiological Stress on Lipid Dysregulation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Association of Cytomegalovirus and Allostatic Load by Country of Birth and Length of Time in the United States.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Combined Effects of Multiple Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure on Allostatic Load Using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Association of Combined Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Metals with Allostatic Load Using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Association of Cytomegalovirus IgM and Allostatic Load.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Interaction of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Allostatic Load among Adults in Various Occupations.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Association between Multiple Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances' Serum Levels and Allostatic Load.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Blood lead, nutrient intake, and renal function among type 2 diabetic patients.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Interaction of Smoking and Lead Exposure among Carriers of Genetic Variants Associated with a Higher Level of Oxidative Stress Indicators.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Combined Effect of Lead Exposure and Allostatic Load on Cardiovascular Disease Mortality-A Preliminary Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cumulative Effects of Low-Level Lead Exposure and Chronic Physiological Stress on Hepatic Dysfunction-A Preliminary Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Influence of Prenatal Exposure to Mercury, Perceived Stress, and Depression on Birth Outcomes in Suriname: Results from the MeKiTamara Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Association of total arsenic exposure with allostatic load and cardiovascular disease risk.International public health journalArticle
- Association of mercury exposure with allostatic load and cardiovascular disease risk.International public health journalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic stress and cardiovascular disease risk were explored in a predominately middle-aged adult population exposed to elevated lead levels in this cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the period 2007-2010. Elevated lead exposure was defined using the epidemiological threshold of a blood lead level (BLL) > 5 μg/dL as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Allostatic load (AL), a measure of chronic stress, was operationalized using 10 clinical markers. The geometric mean values for clinical cardiovascular disease risk markers of interest (a) Gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) (a marker of oxidative stress), and (b) non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c) (a marker of cardiovascular disease risk) were explored among lead-exposed and less lead-exposed individuals with differential chronic stress (AL) levels. Associations between AL and GGT/non-HDL-C were analyzed using linear regression models. The likelihood of increased clinical markers in lead-exposed individuals with high compared to low AL was explored using binary logistic regression models. In analyzing lead-exposed as compared to less lead-exposed populations, the geometric mean of the variables of interest showed significant elevations among lead-exposed individuals as compared to less lead-exposed individuals. Simple linear regression revealed that AL was positively associated with the variables of interest among the lead-exposed. In binary logistic regression among the lead-exposed, those with high AL, as compared to those with low AL, had significantly higher odds of having elevated non-HDL-C. This study submits that those exposed to lead with increasing AL may experience adverse cardiovascular health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.