ArticleCancers2020
Comparative Molecular Analysis of Cancer Behavior Cultured In Vitro, In Vivo, and Ex Vivo.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on the chemical and pharmacological effects ofInternational journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Shaping the Future Plate: Exploring the Safety Concerns of Cultivated and Conventional Meat Production.Physiological research · 2026Review
- MicroRNAs in oncology: a translational perspective in the era of AI.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Systemic immunometabolic profiling classifies cisplatin sensitivity states using interpretable machine learning.iScience · 2026Article
- Organoids and AI-integrated models in ovarian cancer research: the future of personalized therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- In Situ Proinflammatory Effects of Dazostinag Alone or with Chemotherapy on the Tumor Microenvironment of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Accelerated growth and local progression of radiorecurrent prostate cancer in an orthotopic bioluminescent mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Functional profiling of murine glioma models highlights targetable immune evasion phenotypes.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Combining mRNA with PBS and calcium ions improves the efficiency of the transfection of mRNA into tumors.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Temozolomide and Fingolimod Treatments in Glioblastoma Preclinical Models.Cancers · 2023Article
- RAGE inhibitor TTP488 (Azeliragon) suppresses metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2023Article
- Nondestructive protein sampling with electroporation facilitates profiling of spatial differential protein expression in breast tumors in vivo.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- MAVS mediates a protective immune response in the brain to Rift Valley fever virus.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- IL-17A Increases Doxorubicin Efficacy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
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- Construction ofOncology letters · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current pre-clinical models of cancer fail to recapitulate the cancer cell behavior in primary tumors primarily because of the lack of a deeper understanding of the effects that the microenvironment has on cancer cell phenotype. Transcriptomic profiling of 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cells from 2D and 3D cultures, subcutaneous or orthotopic allografts (from immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice), as well as ex vivo tumoroids, revealed differences in molecular signatures including altered expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, cell signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling. The 3D culture platforms had more in vivo-like transcriptional profiles than 2D cultures. In vivo tumors had more cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while in vitro cultures had cells residing primarily in an epithelial or mesenchymal state. Ex vivo tumoroids incorporated aspects of in vivo and in vitro culturing, retaining higher abundance of cells undergoing EMT while shifting cancer cell fate towards a more mesenchymal state. Cellular heterogeneity surveyed by scRNA-seq revealed that ex vivo tumoroids, while rapidly expanding cancer and fibroblast populations, lose a significant proportion of immune components. This study emphasizes the need to improve in vitro culture systems and preserve syngeneic-like tumor composition by maintaining similar EMT heterogeneity as well as inclusion of stromal subpopulations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.