ArticleDiseases (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Are Steroid Hormones Dysregulated in Autistic Girls?
Article in Diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04930471 (A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism, menstruation and mental health- a scoping review and a call to action.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Androgen levels in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Hyperandrogenism? Increased 17, 20-Lyase Activity? A Metanalysis and Systematic Review of Altered Androgens in Boys and Girls with Autism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Steroidopathies and hormonal imbalance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Copy number variations in autistic children.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Are steroid hormones and autistic traits affected by metformin? First insights from a pilot.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Prior to versus after Metformin Treatment-Effects on Steroid Enzymatic Activities.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Light in the Rational Treatment of Autism? Effects of Metformin on Steroid Hormones in a Patient with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Autistic mothers' perinatal well-being and parenting styles.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2022Article
- Menstruation and menopause in autistic adults: Periods of importance?Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2022Article
- Metformin-Treatment Option for Social Impairment? An Open Clinical Trial to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- How Is CYP17A1 Activity Altered in Autism? A Pilot Study to Identify Potential Pharmacological Targets.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A reply to 'Alteration of steroidogenesis in boys with autism spectrum disorders'.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Testosterone/Epitestosterone Ratios-Further Hints to Explain Hyperandrogenemia in Children with Autism.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Stress-induced alterations of social behavior are reversible by antagonism of steroid hormones in C57/BL6 mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence of altered cholesterol and steroid hormones in autism is increasing. However, as boys are more often affected, evidence mainly relates to autistic males, whereas evidence for affected autistic girls is sparse. Therefore, a comprehensive gas chromatography mass spectrometry-based steroid hormone metabolite analysis was conducted from autistic girls. Results show increased levels of several steroid hormones, especially in the class of androgens in autistic girls such as testosterone or androstenediol. The increase of the majority of steroid hormones in autistic girls is probably best explained multifactorially by a higher substrate provision in line with the previously developed cholesterol hypothesis of autism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.