Trial reportPloS one2020
Prevalence and risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of index cases in two South African provinces: Analysis of baseline data from a cluster-randomised trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Active Case Finding for Tuberculosis in Migrants: a Systematic Review.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2024Pooled it
- Strategies to detect and manage latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts of pulmonary TB patients in high TB burden countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022Pooled it
- Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Young Children Exposed to Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in the TB-CHAMP Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Evaluating systematic targeted universal testing for tuberculosis in primary care clinics of South Africa: A cluster-randomized trial (The TUTT Trial).PLoS medicine · 2023Trial
- Household Contact Tracing With Intensified Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening in South Africa: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Latent Tuberculosis and Associated Factors Among Adults Living With HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Early immune dysregulation iniScience · 2026Article
- Thermal comfort in relation to housing and tuberculosis status among individuals aged ≥15 years in Padang, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the New TB Antigen-Based Skin Test to Diagnose TB Infection in South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Microbiologically Confirmed Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 3 High Tuberculosis Burden Countries.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prediction models for Mtb infection among adolescent and adult household contacts in high tuberculosis incidence settings.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating Treatment Outcomes and Tuberculosis Infection Risks: A Comparative Study of Centralized Hospitalization vs. Home-Based Treatment.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Modeled estimates of HIV-serodifferent couples in tuberculosis-affected households in four sub-Saharan African countries.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Association Studies of Serum Levels of TNF- α, IL-10, IFN-γ and CXCL 5 with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Close Contacts.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Determinants of QuantiFERON Plus-diagnosed tuberculosis infection in adult Ugandan TB contacts: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Prevalence of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis and its association with HIV in household contacts of index tuberculosis patients in two South African provinces: a secondary, cross-sectional analysis of a cluster-randomised trial.BMC global and public health · 2023Article
- Magnitude and associated factors of latent tuberculosis infection due toIJID regions · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection and Associated Factors at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Comparison of Latent Tuberculosis Infections among General versus Tuberculosis Health Care Workers in Myanmar.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHousehold contacts of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) often have latent TB infection, and are at risk of progression to disease. We set out to investigate whether index TB case HIV status was linked to a higher probability of latent TB infection among household contacts. MATERIALS AND
methodsData were collected prospectively from participants in the intervention arm of a household cluster-randomised trial in two South Africa provinces (Mangaung, Free State, and Capricorn, Limpopo). In intervention group households, TB contacts underwent HIV testing and tuberculin skin testing (TST). TST induration was estimated at two cut-offs (≥5mm, ≥10mm). Multilevel Bayesian regression models estimated posterior distributions of the percentage of household contacts with TST induration ≥5mm and ≥10mm by age group, and compared the odds of latent TB infection by key risk factors including HIV status index case age and study province.
resultsA total of 2,985 household contacts of 924 index cases were assessed, with most 2,725 (91.3%) undergoing TST. HIV prevalence in household contacts was 14% and 10% in Mangaung and Capricorn respectively. Overall, 16.8% (458/2,725) had TST induration of ≥5mm and 13.1% (359/2,725) ≥10mm. In Mangaung, children aged 0-4 years had a high TST positivity prevalence compared to their peers in Capricorn (22.0% vs. 7.6%, and 20.5% vs. 2.3%, using TST thresholds of ≥5mm and ≥10mm respectively). Compared to contacts from Capricorn, household contacts living in Mangaung were more likely to have TST induration ≥5mm (odds ratio [OR]: 3.08, 95% credibility interval [CI]: 2.13-4.58) and ≥10mm (OR: 4.52, 95% CI: 3.03-6.97). There was a 90% and 92% posterior probability that the odds of TST induration ≥5mm (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.56-1.14) and ≥10mm (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.53-1.10) respectively were lower in household contacts of HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative index cases.
conclusionsHigh TST induration positivity, especially among young children and people living in Mangaung indicates considerable TB transmission despite high antiretroviral therapy coverage. Household contact of HIV-positive index TB cases were less likely to have evidence of latent TB infection than contacts of HIV-negative index cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.