ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 147 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Disease
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Adult Encephalitis
An Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and prospective directions ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuroprotective Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) onCurrent neuropharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Nutritional regulation of gut-brain immune crosstalk across the lifespan.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- A novel exopolysaccharide fromGut microbes · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Reassessment of Neuroprotective Efficacy of TUDCA in Ischemic Stroke: A Multi-Model In Vivo and In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies microbial and metabolic signatures and drivers of CNS autoimmunity.mSystems · 2026Article
- From Dysbiosis to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: The Metabolite-Mediated Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- CAR-T Cell Therapy and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies and Current Limitations.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Brain control of hepatic bile acid homeostasis through Bdnf exon I-positive neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Microbiota-gut-brain axis and bile acids-driven neuromodulation.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Ursodeoxycholic acid mitigates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting thrombin-induced lipid peroxidation through activation of ALDH3A1.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Bile acids in Alzheimer's disease: a double-edged sword in gut-liver-brain signaling and neurodegeneration.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Tobacco smoking disrupts bile acid and tryptophan metabolism in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Dynamic alterations and potential roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in Angiostrongylus cantonensis-infected mice and rats.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- β-oxidation-mediated differentiation of effector CD4Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Bile acid scaffold engineering reveals an androstane-triol derivative as a potent immunomodulator with therapeutic efficacy in EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- HIV-1 Nef induces astrocytes proliferation, inflammatory response, A1-like astrocytes polarization and subsequent neuronal apoptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Bile acids are cholesterol metabolites that can signal through receptors on cells throughout the body, including in the CNS and the immune system. Whether bile acid metabolism is abnormal in MS is unknown. Using global and targeted metabolomic profiling, we identified lower levels of circulating bile acid metabolites in multiple cohorts of adult and pediatric patients with MS compared with controls. In white matter lesions from MS brain tissue, we noted the presence of bile acid receptors on immune and glial cells. To mechanistically examine the implications of lower levels of bile acids in MS, we studied the in vitro effects of an endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), on astrocyte and microglial polarization. TUDCA prevented neurotoxic (A1) polarization of astrocytes and proinflammatory polarization of microglia in a dose-dependent manner. TUDCA supplementation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduced the severity of disease through its effects on G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). We demonstrate that bile acid metabolism was altered in MS and that bile acid supplementation prevented polarization of astrocytes and microglia to neurotoxic phenotypes and ameliorated neuropathology in an animal model of MS. These findings identify dysregulated bile acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.