Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32179869›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2020

Can following formula-feeding recommendations still result in infants who are overweight or have obesity?

Marie C Ferguson, Kelly J O'Shea, Lawrence D Hammer, Daniel L Hertenstein, Rafay M Syed, Sindiso Nyathi, Mario Solano Gonzales, Molly Domino, Sheryl S Siegmund, Samuel Randall and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Big steps for advising the smallest bites: Dietary Guidelines for Americans address feeding infants and toddlers.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021
    Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Marie C FergusonPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Kelly J O'SheaPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Lawrence D HammerDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Daniel L HertensteinPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Rafay M SyedPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Sindiso NyathiPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Mario Solano GonzalesPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Molly DominoPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Sheryl S SiegmundPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Samuel RandallPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Patrick WedlockPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Atif AdamPHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA.
Bruce Y LeePHICOR (Public Health Informatics, Computational and Operations Research), City University of New York (previously at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD), New York, NY, USA. bruceleemdmba@gmail.com.

Funding

MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS-ORIENTED CHILDHOOD OBESITY STUDY IN CHINAU54HD070725 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CURRIERO, FRANK · 2011 to 2016
$15.9M
Early Life Determinants of Obesity in U.S. Urban Low Income Minority Birth CohortR01HD086013 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, BRUCE Y, WANG, XIAOBIN · 2016 to 2020
$3.3M
Virtual Population Obesity Prevention (VPOP) Labs: Computational, Multi-Scale Models for Obesity SolutionsU01HD086861 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, BRUCE Y · 2015 to 2019
$2.8M
Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst for Healthcare Associated InfectionsR01HS023317 · AHRQ · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LEE, BRUCE Y · 2014 to 2014
$2.4M
AHRQ HHS R01 HS023317NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD086013NICHD NIH HHS U01 HD086861NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD070725
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies show that by 3 months, over half of US infants receive formula, and guidelines play a key role in formula feeding. The question then is, what might happen if caregivers follow guidelines and, more specifically, are there situations where following guidelines can result in infants who are overweight/have obesity?

methodsWe used our "Virtual Infant" agent-based model representing infant-caregiver pairs that allowed caregivers to feed infants each day according to guidelines put forth by Johns Hopkins Medicine (JHM), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters (CHKD), and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The model simulated the resulting development of the infants from birth to 6 months. The two sets of guidelines vary in their recommendations, and do not provide studies that support amounts at given ages.

resultsSimulations identified several scenarios where caregivers followed JHM/CHOP/CHKD and WIC guidelines, but infants still became overweight/with obesity by 6 months. For JHM/CHOP/CHKD guidelines, this occurred even when caregivers adjusted feeding based on infant's weight. For WIC guidelines, when caregivers adjusted formula amounts, infants maintained healthy weight.

conclusionsWIC guidelines may be a good starting point for caregivers who adjust as their infant grows, but the minimum amounts for JHM/CHKD/CHOP recommendations may be too high. IMPACT: Our virtual infant simulation study answers the question: can caregivers follow current formula-feeding guidelines and still end up with an infant who is overweight or has obesity? Our study identified several situations in which unhealthy weight gain and/or weight loss could result from following established formula-feeding recommendations. Our study also suggests that the minimum recommended amount of daily formula feeding should be lower for JHM/CHOP/CHKD guidelines to give caregivers more flexibility in adjusting daily feeding levels in response to infant weight. WIC guidelines may be a good starting point for caregivers who adjust as their infant grows. In order to understand how to adjust guidelines, we can use computational simulation models, which serve as "virtual laboratories" to help overcome the logistical and ethical issues of clinical trials.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaBody WeightCaregiversComputer SimulationFeeding BehaviorFemaleGuidelines as TopicHumansInfantInfant FoodInfant, NewbornMaleOverweightPediatric ObesityTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID32179869
PMCPMC7492437

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.