Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32179780›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Comparing Social media and Google to detect and predict severe epidemics.

Loukas Samaras, Elena García-Barriocanal, Miguel-Angel Sicilia

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Early Warning of Infectious Disease Outbreaks Using Social Media and Digital Data: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Observational
  5. Use of Digital Tools in Arbovirus Surveillance: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Can the Content of Social Networks Explain Epidemic Outbreaks?Population research and policy review · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. How Italy Tweeted about COVID-19: Detecting Reactions to the Pandemic from Social Media.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Loukas SamarasComputer Science Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Alcalá, Ctra. De Barcelona km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. lsamaras@ath.forthnet.gr.
Elena García-BarriocanalComputer Science Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Alcalá, Ctra. De Barcelona km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Miguel-Angel SiciliaComputer Science Department, Polytechnic Building, University of Alcalá, Ctra. De Barcelona km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Internet technologies have demonstrated their value for the early detection and prediction of epidemics. In diverse cases, electronic surveillance systems can be created by obtaining and analyzing on-line data, complementing other existing monitoring resources. This paper reports the feasibility of building such a system with search engine and social network data. Concretely, this study aims at gathering evidence on which kind of data source leads to better results. Data have been acquired from the Internet by means of a system which gathered real-time data for 23 weeks. Data on influenza in Greece have been collected from Google and Twitter and they have been compared to influenza data from the official authority of Europe. The data were analyzed by using two models: the ARIMA model computed estimations based on weekly sums and a customized approximate model which uses daily sums. Results indicate that influenza was successfully monitored during the test period. Google data show a high Pearson correlation and a relatively low Mean Absolute Percentage Error (R = 0.933, MAPE = 21.358). Twitter results are slightly better (R = 0.943, MAPE = 18.742). The alternative model is slightly worse than the ARIMA(X) (R = 0.863, MAPE = 22.614), but with a higher mean deviation (abs. mean dev: 5.99% vs 4.74%).

Indexed as

EpidemicsEpidemiological MonitoringSearch EngineSocial MediaComputer SimulationDisease OutbreaksFeasibility StudiesForecastingGreeceHumansInfluenza, HumanInternetModels, Statistical

Identifiers

PMID32179780
PMCPMC7076014

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.