Trial reportPapillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2020
Efficacy of strategies to increase participation in cervical cancer screening: GPs offering self-sampling kits for HPV testing versus recommendations to have a pap smear taken - A randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Screening for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer: systematic reviews to inform an update to recommendations by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Offering HPV self-sampling kits: an updated meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies to increase participation in cervical cancer screening.British journal of cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Does self-sampling for human papilloma virus testing have the potential to increase cervical cancer screening? An updated meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Opportunistic offer of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing in ethnically diverse primary care clinics in Aotearoa New Zealand: an implementation study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Cervical and breast cancer screening outcomes among Métis people in Alberta, Canada.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Understanding Cervical Cancer Screening Attendance: Barriers and Facilitators in a Representative Population Survey.Cancers · 2025Article
- Advances in human papillomavirus detection for cervical cancer screening and diagnosis: challenges of conventional methods and opportunities for emergent tools.Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications · 2025Review
- Article
- Genital and Oral HPV Geno-Prevalence Measured through Urine and Saliva Samples in Young Adults in Italy.Vaccines · 2024Article
- HPV self-sampling among women in the United States: preferences for implementation.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Widening the offer of human papillomavirus self-sampling to all women eligible for cervical screening: Make haste slowly.International journal of cancer · 2023Review
- Concurrent participation in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening programmes in Denmark: A nationwide registry-based study.Preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Self-sampling as the principal modality for population based cervical screening: Five-year follow-up of the PaVDaG study.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- HPV self-sampling in the follow-up of women after treatment of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia: A prospective study in a high-income country.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Understanding COVID-19 impact on cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening among federally qualified healthcare centers participating in "Back on track with screening" quality improvement projects.Preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Cervical cancer screening using HPV tests on self-samples: attitudes and preferences of women participating in the VALHUDES study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2021Article
- Methodologies of Primary HPV Testing Currently Applied for Cervical Cancer Screening.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Uptake and feasibility of HPV self-sampling among patients of a Canadian family medicine clinic.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadienArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is preventable by early detection and treatment of pre-cancerous lesions. The current screening policy in Belgium (3-yearly cytology on Pap smears) covers 60% of the target population. Offering self-samples by GPs can overcome barriers for women who are currently not screened. Methods: Women aged 25–64 who did not have a Pap smear since three years and consulted a GP practice in a Flemish municipality between November 2014 and April 2015 were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention arm where women were given a vaginal self-sampling kit or control arm where women were encouraged to make an appointment for having a Pap smear taken by a clinician. Results: Eighty-eight consenting women were randomised. 35 (78%) out of 45 women in the self-sampling arm participated in screening compared to 22 (51%) out of 43 women in the control arm (p = 0.009). This difference remained significant after adjusting for covariates (age category, education level, time interval since last Pap smear, past Pap smear-taker). Conclusion: GPs offering self-sampling kits resulted in a high participation. Larger trials should confirm this effect and evaluate feasibility of this approach.4. The authors would also like to include the following sentence in the acknowledgement “The laboratory AML (Antwerp, Belgium) is acknowledged for the free HPV testing on the self-samples."
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