ArticleParasitology2020
White-tailed deer (
Article in Parasitology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seroprevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic investigation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored Bd37 orthologs in Babesia divergens group and potential use of recombinant protein for ecological survey in deer.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
- Global prevalence ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2024Review
- Prevalence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Isolation and Characterization of a ViablePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Outbreaks of clinical toxoplasmosis in humans: five decades of personal experience, perspectives and lessons learned.Parasites & vectors · 2021Review
- Long-Term Determinants of the Seroprevalence ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2020Article
- Effect of Imiquimod on Tachyzoites ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Evaluating The Therapeutic Effect of 2-Nitroimidazole onIranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To assess the role of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, WTD) in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, we conducted a national survey of WTD across the USA for Toxoplasma gondii infection. To do this, we combined serology with parasite isolation to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gondii in this game species. From October 2012 to March 2019, serum and tissues were collected from 914 WTD across the USA. Serum samples were screened for antibodies to T. gondii, and then the tissues of seropositive WTD were bioassayed in mice. Antibodies were detected in 329 (36%) of 914 WTD tested by the modified agglutination test (positive reaction at 1:25 or higher). Viable T. gondii was isolated from the heart of 36 WTD from 11 states. Three of the 36 isolates were pathogenic but not highly virulent to outbred Swiss Webster mice and all 36 isolates could be propagated further in cell culture and were genotyped. For genotyping, DNA extracted from cell culture-derived tachyzoites was characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the genetic markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genotyping revealed seven ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotypes, including 24 isolates for genotype #5 (haplogroup 12), four isolates for #2 (type III, haplogroup 3), three isolates for genotypes #1 (type II, haplogroup 2), two isolates for genotypes #3 (type II, haplogroup 2) and one isolate each for #39, #221 and #224. Genotype #5 was the most frequently isolated, accounting for 66.6% (24 of 36) of the isolates. Combining the 36 isolates from this study with previously reported 69 isolates from WTD, 15 genotypes have been identified. Among these, 50.4% (53/105) isolates belong to genotype #5. Our results indicate moderate genetic diversity of T. gondii in WTD. The results also indicate that undercooked venison should not be consumed by humans or fed to cats.
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