ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2020
Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nf checklist).
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 207 papers, 24 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
How do Alpha Oscillations Shape the Perception of Pain? - An EEG-based Neurofeedback Study
Neurofeedback Training to Improve Prefrontal Functioning in Older Adults With Subclinical Depression and Anxiety: a Randomised Control Trial
Efficacy of a Multisensory Audiovisual Entrainment Neurofeedback for Academic Anxiety Regulation and Divergent Thinking: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 24 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based EEG Neurofeedback in Health-Related Symptoms Relief: A Systematic Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Pooled it
- Self-navigating the "Island of Reil": a systematic review of real-time fMRI neurofeedback training of insula activity.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of EEG Neurofeedback Training on Sport Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Pooled it
- Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Music in the loop: a systematic review of current neurofeedback methodologies using music.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of biofeedback training on athletes' mental health and performance: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationships between real-time neurofeedback training parameters and acquisition of neural modulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of EEG neurofeedback combined with pharmacological treatment on the positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Interpersonal neural synchrony and mental disorders: unlocking potential pathways for clinical interventions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical applications of neurofeedback based on sensorimotor rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Simultaneous real-time EEG-fMRI neurofeedback: A systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting Frontal Gamma Activity with Neurofeedback to Improve Working Memory in Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Neurofeedback Training of Theta Activity on Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Healthy Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Is There Evidence for the Specificity of Closed-Loop Brain Training in the Treatment of Internalizing Disorders? A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- How standardized are "standard protocols"? Variations in protocol and performance evaluation for slow cortical potential neurofeedback: A systematic review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback: A Systematic Mixed Studies Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Neurofeedback on the Reaction Time and Cognitive Performance of Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- EEG-neurofeedback and executive function enhancement in healthy adults: A systematic review.Psychophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- The Effects of Neurofeedback on Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2021Pooled it
- The efficacy of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for psychiatric illness: A meta-analysis of brain and behavioral outcomes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
84 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.