ReviewOcular immunology and inflammation2020
Can the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Affect the Eyes? A Review of Coronaviruses and Ocular Implications in Humans and Animals.
Review in Ocular immunology and inflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04570254 (Open Clinical Trial of the Use of Antioxidants and Pentoxifylline as Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Therapy in Patients With and Without Septic Shock Secondary to COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 312 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Open Clinical Trial of the Use of Antioxidants and Pentoxifylline as Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Therapy in Patients With and Without Septic Shock Secondary to COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia
Who cites it
312 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurological and Head/Eyes/Ears/Nose/Throat Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques · 2022Pooled it
- Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-Related Retinal Micro-vasculopathy - A Review of Current Evidence.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Retinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenetic implications: a systematic review.International ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- An Eye on COVID-19: A Meta-analysis of Positive Conjunctival Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction and SARS-CoV-2 Conjunctivitis Prevalence.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of COVID-19 on Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature in the Pediatric Population: A Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The effects of COVID-19 infection on ophthalmologic findings in pregnant women: a prospective controlled observational study.International ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Impact of COVID-19 on corneal endothelial density and morphology: a cross-sectional study in convalescent patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) enlargement with SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID-19.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Ocular and Neurological Sequelae in Long COVID: Dry Eye, Asthenopia, Sleep Disorders, Asthenia, and Restless Legs Syndrome-A Case Report with Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quantitative comparison of mean macular thickness in COVID-19 patients versus healthy individuals using optical coherence tomography.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Approach to Identify the Potential Metabolites from Alpinia malaccensis for Treating SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual Burden of MDR-TB and COVID-19 in a Previously Treated Tuberculosis Case: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemmas.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Related Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Effects of COVID-19 on the contrast sensitivity.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Article
- Misleading Citations and Publication Bias in COVID-19 in Ophthalmology.Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2024Article
- Ocular Implications of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine-Related Adverse Events.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Rapid antigen detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in stray cats: A cross-sectional study.Veterinary world · 2024Article
252 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) epidemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from China. This virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, there have been anecdotal reports of ocular infection. The ocular implications of human CoV infections have not been widely studied. However, CoVs have been known to cause various ocular infections in animals. Clinical entities such as conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis, retinitis, and optic neuritis have been documented in feline and murine models. In this article, the current evidence suggesting possible human CoV infection of ocular tissue is reviewed. The review article will also highlight animal CoVs and their associated ocular infections. We hope that this article will serve as a start for further research into the ocular implications of human CoV infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.