ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2020
Immune Dysregulation in Children With Down Syndrome.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infantile Cocktail of Erythropoietin and Melatonin Restores Gait in Adult Rats with Preterm Brain Injury.Developmental neuroscience · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of a Microencapsulated Sugar-Free Probiotic Oral Rinse on Gingival Health and Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinases 8 and 9 in Children With Down Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryTrial
- T-cell responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Down syndrome - From childhood to adulthood.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Observational
- Fulminant Secondary HLH Following EBV Reactivation in an Adult With Trisomy 21 After Teplizumab Treatment for Stage 2 Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Outcomes of down syndrome-related myeloid leukemia in Turkiye: a multicenter retrospective observational cohort study by the Turkish Pediatric Hematology Association.Annals of hematology · 2026Observational
- Immune dysregulation in children with Down syndrome: clinical implications and emerging therapies.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- Lower pneumococcal IgG levels and respiratory hospitalisation in children with Down syndrome; an exploratory study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Oral Health and Dental Management of Children With Down Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis vaccination and risk for incident dementia among adults with down syndrome.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Kidney pathology findings in pediatric patients with kidney injury and inflammatory bowel disease: a case series.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation in Down Syndrome: Implications for Infectious Susceptibility and Vaccine Response.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Breastfeeding with Extra Care: A Qualitative Insight of Mothers of Children with Down Syndrome in Rwanda.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2026Article
- Endocrine and Digestive Disorders Arising in Childhood in Down Syndrome and Their Cross-Talk.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The role of persistent inflammation in failed recovery after perinatal brain injury: is resolution the cure?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Vaccination in individuals with Down syndrome: immune vulnerability, safety, efficacy and opportunities.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Precision medicine for Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Crohn's Disease Developing After Hirschsprung's Disease in a Child With Down Syndrome: A Rare Clinical Overlap.Cureus · 2026Article
- Interferon receptor gene dosage differentially regulates hypoxia-induced platelet activation and pulmonary hypertension in down syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Immunometabolic interactions in individuals with down syndrome across childhood, adolescence and adulthood in relation to their siblings.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with immune defects. The extent of immune dysregulation in DS is substantial, spanning the innate and adaptive systems and including anomalies in: T and B cells, monocytes, neutrophil chemotaxis, circulating cytokines, and suboptimal antibody responses which all contribute to an increased risk of infections, poorer clinical outcomes and chronic inflammation in this vulnerable cohort. Other aspects of innate immunity may also be abnormal and contribute to the increased morbidity and warrant further interrogation such as: gamma delta T cell function, the inflammasome, Toll-like receptors and their pathways. Pharmacotherapies such as pavilizumab, pneumococcal and influenza immunizations, as well as potential immunoprophylactic agents such as pidotimod, azithromycin and Broncho-Vaxom may help alleviate the infectious consequences. Children with DS need to be managed with a heightened sense of awareness and urgency in the setting of sepsis and signs of chronic inflammation need regular screening and appropriate follow up.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.