ArticleBrain and behavior2020
GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pachymic Acid Targets PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway to Attenuate tPA-Induced Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- American Ginseng for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Chinese herbal compound Jinsiwei improves synaptic plasticity in mice with sporadic Alzheimer's disease induced by streptozotocin.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2023Article
- Effect of ivabradine on cognitive functions of rats with scopolamine-induced dementia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The potential for traditional Chinese therapy in treating sleep disorders caused by COVID-19 through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Lacidipine Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Reducing Brain Oxido-nitrosative Stress in Mice.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Neuroprotective Potentials of Panax Ginseng Against Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidences.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
- Research Progress on Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine Jieyu Pills in the Treatment of Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2020Review
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10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress are the crucial mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GAPT, also called GEPT (a combination of several active components extracted from the Chinese herbs ginseng, epimedium, polygala and tuber curcumae) or Jinsiwei, is a patented Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically widely used to improve learning and memory impairment, but whether it can play a neuroprotective role by protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury remains unclear.
methodsMale ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine (3 mg/kg) to establish a learning and memory disordered model. An LC-MS method was established to study the chemical compounds and in vivo metabolites of GAPT. After scopolamine injection, a step-down passive-avoidance test (SDPA) and a Y maze test were used to estimate learning ability and cognitive function. In addition, ELISA detected the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD). The protein expressions of AChE, ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 were observed by western blot, and the distribution of ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 was observed by immunohistochemical staining.
resultsAfter one-half or 1 month of intragastric administration, GAPT can ameliorate scopolamine-induced behavioral changes in learning and memory impaired mice. It can also decrease the activity of MDA and protein expression level of AChE, increase the activity of Ach, and increase activity and protein expression level of ChAT, SOD, and GPX in scopolamine-treated mice. After one and a half month of intragastric administration of GAPT, echinacoside, salvianolic acid A, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg2, pachymic acid, and beta asarone could be absorbed into mice blood and pass through BBB.
conclusionsGAPT can improve the learning and memory ability of scopolamine-induced mice, and its mechanism may be related to protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury.
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