ArticleMolecular pharmacology2020
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation Increases Keratinocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators and is Inhibited by Phosphatidylglycerol.
Article in Molecular pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- sPLAScience advances · 2026Article
- Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Tempol Ameliorates Psoriatic Skin Inflammation: Evidence of TLR4/NF-κB/Nrf2 Axis Modulation.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- NETs: a new target for autoimmune disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring Skin Wound Healing Models and the Impact of Natural Lipids on the Healing Process.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Costunolide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation and lung injury through inhibiting IKK/NF-κB signaling.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic benefits of glycerol in dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Phosphatidylglycerol to Treat Chronic Skin Wounds in Diabetes.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol Inhibits Heat Shock Protein B4 (HSPB4)-Induced Inflammatory Pathways In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Advanced Glycation End Products and Activation of Toll-like Receptor-2 and -4 Induced Changes in Aquaporin-3 Expression in Mouse Keratinocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Innate Immune System Activation, Inflammation and Corneal Wound Healing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Dynamic modulations of urinary sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid levels in COVID-19 and correlations with COVID-19-associated kidney injuries.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Article
- Increased Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance in HF-Fed PLTP Deficient Mice Is Related to Altered Inflammatory Response and Plasma Transport of Gut-Derived LPS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders.Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Glycerol Improves Skin Lesion Development in the Imiquimod Mouse Model of Psoriasis: Experimental Confirmation of Anecdotal Reports from Patients with Psoriasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Phosphatidylglycerol and surfactant: A potential treatment for COVID-19?Medical hypotheses · 2020Article
- Aquaporin-3 in the epidermis: more than skin deep.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Skin serves not only as a protective barrier to microbial entry into the body but also as an immune organ. The outer layer, the epidermis, is composed predominantly of keratinocytes, which can be stimulated to produce proinflammatory mediators. Although some inflammation is useful to defend against infection, excessive or persistent inflammation can lead to the development of inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis, a common skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the US population. We have previously found that phosphatidylglycerol (PG) derived from soy can inhibit inflammation in a contact irritant ear edema mouse model. Here, we investigated the ability of soy PG to inhibit inflammatory mediator expression in response to activators of the pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) and -4 (TLR4). We found that in epidermal keratinocytes, soy PG inhibited TLR2 and TLR4 activation and inflammatory mediator expression in response to a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide and lipopolysaccharide, respectively, as well as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern. However, at higher concentrations, soy PG alone enhanced the expression of some proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a narrow therapeutic window for this lipid. Dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), but not dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, exerted a similar inhibitory effect, completely blocking keratinocyte inflammatory mediator expression induced by TLR2 and TLR4 activators as well as NF
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.