ArticleToxicology letters2020
DNA damage signaling in the cellular responses to mustard vesicants.
Article in Toxicology letters, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nitrogen Mustard Disrupts Bioenergetics and Activates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death Pathways in Human Keratinocytes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- From survival of irradiated mice to modern molecular insights: a seventy-year journey in radiobiology at the institute of biophysics, Czech academy of sciences.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2025Review
- Delayed complications of sulfur mustard poisoning: a focus on inflammation and telomere footprint.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Chronic kidney disease amplifies severe kidney injury and mortality in a mouse model of skin arsenical exposure.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Senescence and Stress Signaling Pathways in Corneal Cells After Nitrogen Mustard Injury.Cells · 2024Article
- Nitrogen mustard induces dynamic nuclear protein spectrum change and DNA-protein crosslinking, with p97 mediating repair.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to Mitigate Lung Injury Induced by Mustard Vesicants and Radiation.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2023Review
- Progress towards a standardized model of ocular sulfur mustard injury for therapeutic testing.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Melatonin as Modulator for Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage: Molecular Therapeutics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Factors on Delay in Corneal Wound Healing by Nitrogen Mustard.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A proteomics strategy for the identification of multiple sites in sulfur mustard-modified HSA and screening potential biomarkers for retrospective analysis of exposed human plasma.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Nitrogen Mustard Alkylates and Cross-Links p53 in Human Keratinocytes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Article
- Pulmonary injury and oxidative stress in rats induced by inhaled sulfur mustard is ameliorated by anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2021Article
- Combination therapy of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and S-2(2-aminoethylamino) ethylphenyl sulfide for sulfur mustard induced oxidative stress in mice.Toxicology reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mustard vesicants, including sulfur mustard (2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, SM) and nitrogen mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine, HN2) are cytotoxic blistering agents synthesized for chemical warfare. Because they contain highly reactive electrophilic chloroethyl side chains, they readily react with cellular macromolecules like DNA forming monofunctional and bifunctional adducts. By targeting DNA, mustards can compromise genomic integrity, disrupt the cell cycle, and cause mutations and cytotoxicity. To protect against genotoxicity following exposure to mustards, cells initiate a DNA damage response (DDR). This involves activation of signaling cascades including ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) and DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic unit). Signaling induced by the DDR leads to the recruitment and activation of repair related proteins such as phospho H2AX and phospho p53 to sites of DNA lesions. Excessive DNA modifications by mustards can overwhelm DNA repair leading to single and double strand DNA breaks, cytotoxicity and tissue damage, sometimes leading to cancer. Herein we summarize DDR signaling pathways induced by SM, HN2 and the half mustard, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES). At the present time, little is known about how mustard-induced DNA damage leads to the activation of DDR signaling. A better understanding of mechanisms by which mustard vesicants induce the DDR may lead to the development of countermeasures effective in mitigating tissue injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.