ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2020
Accommodative response in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the influence of accommodation stimulus and medication.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between ADHD and vision problems. A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Measures of accommodative function in secondary school year 9 and year 13: a 4-year longitudinal study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
- Manipulating expectancies in optometry practice: Ocular accommodation and stereoacuity are sensitive to placebo and nocebo effects.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are claims that ocular accommodation differs in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared to typically developing children. We examined whether the accommodation response in ADHD children is influenced by changing the stimulus to accommodation in an attempt modify the level of attentional engagement or by medication for the condition.
methodsWe measured the accommodative response and pupil diameter using a binocular, open-field autorefractor in non-medicated and medicated children with ADHD (n = 22, mean age = 10.1 ± 2.4 years; n = 19; mean age = 11.0 ± 3.8 years; respectively) and in an age-matched control group (n = 22; mean age = 10.6 ± 1.9 years) while participants were asked to maintain focus on (i) a high-contrast Maltese cross, (ii) a frame of a cartoon movie (picture) and (iii) a cartoon movie chosen by the participant. Each stimulus was viewed for 180 s from a distance of 25 cm, and the order of presentation was randomised.
resultsGreater lags of accommodation were present in the non-medicated ADHD in comparison to controls (p = 0.023, lags of 1.10 ± 0.56 D and 0.72 ± 0.57 D, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the mean accommodative lag was observed between medicated ADHD children (lag of 1.00 ± 0.44D) and controls (p = 0.104) or between medicated and non-medicated children with ADHD (p = 0.504). The visual stimulus did not influence the lag of accommodation (p = 0.491), and there were no significant group-by-stimulus interactions (p = 0.935). The variability of accommodation differed depending on the visual stimulus, with higher variability for the picture condition compared to the cartoon-movie (p < 0.001) and the Maltese cross (p = 0.006). In addition, the variability yielded statistically significant difference for the main effect of time-on-task (p = 0.027), exhibiting a higher variability over time. However, no group differences in accommodation variability were observed (p = 0.935).
conclusionsChildren with ADHD have a reduced accommodative response, which is not influenced by the stimulus to accommodation. There is no marked effect of medication for ADHD on accommodation accuracy.
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