ArticleScientific reports2020
High prevalence of Clostridiodes diffiicle PCR ribotypes 001 and 126 in Iran.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- From colonization to infection: Genomic evolution of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2026Review
- Comparison of Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistances in BovineAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational
- Antibiotic resistance patterns, toxin profiles, and toxin gene expression levels among Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotypes isolated from patients scheduled for colonoscopy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Clostridioides difficile Is Associated With Lower Rates of Initial Cure and Sustained Clinical Response.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Review
- The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Achillea millefolium L. extracts on Clostridioides difficile ribotype 001 in human intestinal epithelial cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Antibiotic Resistances of Clostridioides difficile.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Comparison of toxin gene expression levels and molecular typing ofGastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2024Article
- Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile: A silent nosocomial pathogen.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- Novel ribotype/sequence type associations and diverse CRISPR-Cas systems in environmental Clostridioides difficile strains from northern Iraq.FEMS microbiology letters · 2023Article
- Pleiotropic effects ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Make It LessGenes · 2022Review
- Loop mediated isothermal amplification of Clostridioides difficile isolates in gastrointestinal patients.AMB Express · 2022Article
- Rapid-format recombinant antibody-based methods for the diagnosis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Frequency of toxin genes and antibiotic resistance pattern ofGastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench · 2021Article
- Bezlotoxumab for prevention ofAnnals of gastroenterologyReview
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a leading causative agent of hospital-acquired and community-acquired diarrhea in human. This study aims to characterize the predominant C. difficile strains, RT001 and 126, circulating in Iranian hospitals in relation to resistant phenotypes, the antibiotic resistance genes, and their genetic relatedness. A total number of 735 faecal specimens were collected from patients suspected of CDI in Tehran hospitals. Typing and subtyping of the strains were performed using CE-PCR ribotyping and MLVA, respectively, followed by PCR assays for ARGs and indicators of Tns. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of five antibiotics were determined by MIC Test Strips. Among 65 strains recovered from CDI patients, RT001 (32.3%) and RT126 (9.2%) were found as the most frequent ribotypes, and 64 MLVA types were identified. Using MLVA, RT001 and RT126 were subtyped into 6 and 4 groups, respectively. The vanA, nim, tetM, gyrA, gyrB genes were detected in 24.6%, 0%, 89.2%, 95.3%, and 92.3% of the strains, respectively. The indicators of Tns including vanHAX, tndX, and int were found in 0%, 3% and 29.2% of the strains, respectively. The most common amino acid (AA) alterations of GyrA and GyrB were related to substitutions of Thr82 → Val and Ser366 → Val, respectively. Resistance rate to metronidazole, vancomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 81.5%, 30.7%, 85%, 79%, and 74%, respectively. This study, for the first time revealed the subtypes of circulating RT001 and RT126 in Iran. It is of importance that the majority of the strains belonging to RT001 were multidrug resistant (MDR). This study also pointed to the intra-hospital dissemination of the strains belonging to RT001 and RT126 for short and long periods, respectively, using MLVA. The most important resistance phenotypes observed in this study was vancomycin-resistant phenotypes. Resistance to metronidazole was also high and highlights the need to determine its resistance mechanisms in the future studies.
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