ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2020
Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04611399 (MIND-VR), which is not on this map. Cited by 514 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
MIND-VR: Virtual Reality for COVID-19 Operators' Psychological Support
Who cites it
514 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,172 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Pooled it
- What are effective strategies to respond to the psychological impacts of working on the frontlines of a public health emergency?Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Levels of Anxiety and Fear among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Journal of nursing management · 2023Pooled it
- The psychological impact of COVID-19 on Chinese healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of Acceptability and Initial Effectiveness of a Unified Protocol Prevention Program to Train Emotional Regulation Skills in Female Nursing Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Double-Edged Sword Effects, Experiences of Vicarious Trauma Among Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Nurses: A Qualitative Study.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Physical, chemical and psychological effect of COVID-19 pandemic upon health care providers.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Health care assistants in out of hours community palliative care: multiple qualitative organisational case studies.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Response to COVID-19 vaccination: Psychological stress and intentions of nursing personnel in Taiwan.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Frontline Healthcare Workers' Reluctance to Access Psychological Support and Wellness Resources During COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The Unseen Toll: Impact of COVID-19 on Professional Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers.Cureus · 2025Article
- Perceived Trauma Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Direct and Indirect Effects of Risk Perception and Risk Information on PTSD in Frontline Healthcare Workers.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Article
- Evaluation of sleep quality and influencing factors among medical and non-medical students using machine learning techniques in Fujian during the public health emergencies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sympathy towards people infected with COVID-19 mediates relations between media use and death anxiety.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluating post-traumatic growth among healthcare workers.AIMS public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on medical interns' mental health of public and private hospitals in Guadalajara.Medical education online · 2024Article
454 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.