ReviewVaccines2020
Safety of Administering Live Vaccines During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pregnancy Outcomes.
Review in Vaccines, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Non-genetic risk factors of miscarriage: a comprehensive umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of a Zika virus-like particle-based vaccine in a highly penetrant non-human primate model of congenital infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Yellow Fever in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review of the Clinical Implications and Vaccination in the Context of the 2024-2026 Americas Outbreak.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- The global threat of vaccine-preventable neurological diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- A Zika Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Mitigates Early Pregnancy Loss In Rhesus Macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Vaccines and Antiviral Therapies for Mpox Virus in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women: Efficacy and Maternal-Child Outcomes.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- Maternal vaccination: a review of current evidence and recommendations.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- COVID-19 AND UPPER LIMB ANOMALIES IN NEWBORNS: A REASON FOR CONCERN?Acta ortopedica brasileira · 2022Review
- Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Vaccination during Pregnancy in Europe.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
- COVID-19 and pregnancy: Lessons from 2020.Early human development · 2021Review
- Review
- Protective vaccinations during pregnancy - adult Poles knowledge in this area.BMC public health · 2021Article
- A reasoned approach towards administering COVID-19 vaccines to pregnant women.Prenatal diagnosis · 2021Review
- Allergic Reactions to Current Available COVID-19 Vaccinations: Pathophysiology, Causality, and Therapeutic Considerations.Vaccines · 2021Review
- The Costs of Contradictory Messages About Live Vaccines in Pregnancy.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- The Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Review
- High Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Arboviruses among Pregnant Women in Rural Caribbean Colombia in the Context of the Zika Virus Epidemic.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Pregnant women's perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials.Vaccine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) are currently contraindicated during pregnancy, given uncertain safety records for the mother-infant pair. LAV might, however, play an important role to protect them against serious emerging diseases, such as Ebola and Lassa fever. For this systematic review we searched relevant databases to identify studies published up to November 2019. Controlled observational studies reporting pregnancy outcomes after maternal immunization with LAV were included. The ROBINS-I tool was used to assess risk of bias. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were obtained under a random-effects model. Of 2831 studies identified, fifteen fulfilled inclusion criteria. Smallpox, rubella, poliovirus, yellow fever and dengue vaccines were assessed in these studies. No association was found between vaccination and miscarriage (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.87-1.10), stillbirth (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.74-1.48), malformations (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.98-1.21), prematurity (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.08) or neonatal death (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.68-1.65) overall. However, increased odds of malformations (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.03-1.49) and miscarriage after first trimester immunization (OR 4.82; 95% CI 2.38-9.77) was found for smallpox vaccine. Thus, we did not find evidence of harm related to LAV other than smallpox with regards to pregnancy outcomes, but quality of evidence was very low. Overall risks appear to be small and have to be balanced against potential benefits for the mother-infant pair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.