SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2020
Incident HIV among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing implementation of point-of-care tests for maternal and newborn screening and diagnosis in low-resource settings: a systematic review.BMC global and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of HIV infection in pregnant women in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Prenatal exposure to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and birth, growth, and social-emotional developmental outcomes throughout early childhood in Kenya: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Risk-based versus universal PrEP delivery during pregnancy: a cluster randomized trial in Western Kenya from 2018 to 2019.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Stepped care to optimize pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectiveness in pregnant and postpartum women (SCOPE-PP) in South Africa: a randomized control trial.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Tenofovir Diphosphate Concentrations in Dried Blood Spots From Pregnant and Postpartum Adolescent and Young Women Receiving Daily Observed Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Sub-Saharan Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Predictors of Exclusive Breastfeeding Amongst Mothers Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Predicting Oral HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy in Cisgender Women Across Pregnancy and Postpartum.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Maternal and pregnancy outcomes in women offered daily oral preexposure prophylaxis during pregnancy and postpartum.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Trends in HIV Incidence, Prevalence, Antiretroviral Therapy Coverage and Mother-to-Child Transmission Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, 2000-2023.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Developing a surveillance system for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in pregnancy in Malawi.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Advancing ethical biomedical HIV prevention research for pregnant and lactating people.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Progress towards the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B in 21 high-burden countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- Male partner involvement in pregnant and breastfeeding women's use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a low-income setting in South Africa.Research square · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with uptake of repeat HIV testing among pregnant women in Blantyre, Malawi.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A rapid qualitative analysis of health care worker and community focus groups on determinants and implementation strategies for long-acting PrEP in antenatal and postpartum settings in Kenya.Discover health systems · 2026Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesA previous meta-analysis reported high HIV incidence among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but limited evidence of elevated risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy or breast-feeding when compared with nonpregnant periods. The rapidly evolving HIV prevention and treatment landscape since publication of this review may have important implications for maternal HIV incidence.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe searched four databases and abstracts from relevant conferences through 1 December 2018, for literature on maternal HIV incidence in SSA. We used random-effects meta-analysis to summarize incidence rates and ratios, and to estimate 95% prediction intervals. We evaluated potential sources of heterogeneity with random-effects meta-regression.
resultsThirty-seven publications contributed 100 758 person-years of follow-up. The estimated average HIV incidence rate among pregnant and breast-feeding women was 3.6 per 100 person-years (95% prediction interval: 1.2--11.1), while the estimated average associations between pregnancy and risk of HIV acquisition, and breast-feeding and risk of HIV acquisition, were close to the null. Wide 95% prediction intervals around summary estimates highlighted the variability of HIV incidence across populations of pregnant and breast-feeding women in SSA. Average HIV incidence appeared associated with age, partner HIV status, and calendar time. Average incidence was highest among studies conducted pre-2010 (4.1/100 person-years, 95% prediction interval: 1.1--12.2) and lowest among studies conducted post-2014 (2.1/100 person-years, 95% prediction interval: 0.7--6.5).
conclusionSubstantial HIV incidence among pregnant and breast-feeding women in SSA, even in the current era of combination HIV prevention and treatment, underscores the need for prevention tailored to high-risk pregnant and breast-feeding women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.