Trial reportToxins2020
Efficacy of Divinylbenzenic Resin in Removing Indoxyl Sulfate and P-Cresol Sulfate in Hemodialysis Patients: Results From an In Vitro Study and An In Vivo Pilot Trial (xuanro4-Nature 3.2).
Trial report in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- p-Cresol and p-Cresyl Sulphate Boost Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review of Recent Evidence.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Indoxyl sulfate in the gut-kidney axis: from diet-microbiome interactions to renal injury and targeted therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Microbiota-derived metabolites and cognitive dysfunction in dialysis patients: mechanisms and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome dynamics of patients on dialysis: implications for complications and treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The gut-kidney axis in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms, microbial metabolites, and microbiome-targeted therapeutics.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota therapy for chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Future of Uremic Toxin Management.Toxins · 2024Review
- Reducing the levels of indoxyl sulfate in patients undergoing dialysis: a promising approach to managing inflammation and the redox state of human serum albumin.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Observational
- Displacing the Burden: A Review of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxin Clearance Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Connecting the Dots: The Cerebral Lymphatic System as a Bridge Between the Central Nervous System and Peripheral System in Health and Disease.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Biotics (Pre-, Pro-, Post-) and Uremic Toxicity: Implications, Mechanisms, and Possible Therapies.Toxins · 2023Review
- Expanding the potential therapeutic options of hemoperfusion in the era of improved sorbent biocompatibility.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- Derivation and elimination of uremic toxins from kidney-gut axis.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Assessment of ELISA-based method for the routine examination of serum indoxyl sulfate in patients with chronic kidney disease.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Article
- Natural products from plants and microorganisms: Novel therapeutics for chronic kidney diseaseFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High serum levels of microbiota-derived uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular complications. IS and PCS cannot be efficiently removed by conventional hemodialysis (HD), due to their high binding affinity for albumin. This study evaluates the efficacy of a divinylbenzene-polyvinylpyrrolidone (DVB-PVP) cartridge and a synbiotic to reduce uremic toxins in HD patients. First, the in vitro efficacy of DVB-PVP in adsorbing IS and PCS was evaluated. Second, a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study in HD patients was carried out to establish whether the administration of a synbiotic, either individually and in association with DVB-PVP-HD, could reduce the production of uremic toxins. In vitro data showed that DVB-PVP resin removed a mean of 56% PCS and around 54% IS, after 6 h of perfusion. While, in the in vivo study, the DVB-PVP cartridge showed its adsorbing efficacy only for IS plasma levels. The combination of synbiotic treatment with DVB-PVP HD decreased IS and PCS both at pre- and post-dialysis levels. In conclusion, this study provides the first line of evidence on the synergistic action of gut microbiota modulation and an innovative absorption-based approach in HD patients, aimed at reducing plasma levels of IS and PCS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.