ArticlePloS one2020
Effect of gender on mortality and causes of death in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices. A retrospective study in Norway.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Viral Hepatitis C Cirrhosis: Performance of Combined Ultrasonography and Clinical Predictors.International journal of biomedical imaging · 2023Article
- Gender differences in esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States.Annals of medicine · 2022Observational
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting overall survival in cirrhotic patients with acute kidney injury.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- A nationwide population-based prospective study of cirrhosis in Iceland.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2021Article
- Decline in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during COVID-19 pandemic after initiation of lockdown in Austria.Endoscopy · 2020Article
- Comparison of outcomes between variceal and non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis: Insights from a Nationwide Inpatient Sample.Annals of gastroenterologyArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe prognostic role of gender in patients with liver cirrhosis is not fully understood. Our primary aim was to assess how gender affects cumulative incidence and risk of death without liver transplantation (LT) in cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices. Secondary aims were to assess the relationship between gender and cause specific death, risk of variceal bleeding and incidence rates of gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.
methodsAll new patients with gastroesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis at Oslo University Hospital between 2006 and May 2016 were identified. Clinical data were retrieved retrospectively from hospital files. Causes of death were classified according to a specified protocol in cases of in-hospital-death, otherwise by data from the Norwegian Death Registry. Competing risk analyses were used to calculate cumulative incidences and risks of i) all-cause death, ii) cause-specific death and iii) variceal bleeding or re-bleeding.
resultsCumulative one- and five years incidence of death without LT in 266 included patients were 28% and 51%, respectively. In univariate analysis, risk of death was positively associated with age, Child Pugh class, alcoholic liver disease and presentation with variceal bleeding, and negatively associated with female sex. In a multivariate model, risk of death without LT was associated with female sex (SHR 0.59 [0.40-0.86]), age (SHR 1.05 [1.04-1.07] per year), Child Pugh class B (SHR 1.54 [1.03-2.32]) and Child Pugh class C (SHR 4.29 [2.57-7.17]). Variceal bleeding caused 27% of deaths. Adjusting for age and Child Pugh score, a trend towards reduced risk of death due to variceal bleeding was seen in women (SHR 0.53; [0.26-1.06]). High alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of first variceal bleeding, both at univariate analysis (SHR 7.73 [1.71-34.9]) and multivariate analysis (SHR 13.9 [2.51-77.0]).
conclusionsReduced mortality due to variceal bleeding may contribute to improved survival without LT in cirrhotic women with gastroesophageal varices.
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