ReviewDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews2020
Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity.
Review in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Serum Haptoglobin as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Patients With Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
- OralWorld journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Serum Zonulin and Its Role in Rosacea Pathogenesis: A Comprehensive Estimation Study.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Leaky Gut Syndrome: An Interplay Between Nutrients and Dysbiosis.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Serum Zonulin Level and Intestinal Permeability in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and the Relationship Between Serum Zonulin Level and Disease Severity.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Significance of Zonulin in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Emphasis on Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Regulation.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome among Chinese celiac disease patients: a survey of 243 individuals in China.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intestinal permeability disturbances: causes, diseases and therapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
- Oleuropein, a Component of Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Improves Liver Steatosis and Lobular Inflammation by Lipopolysaccharides-TLR4 Axis Downregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Does Second Trimester Maternal Serum Zonulin Level Predict Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- A host-microbial metabolite interaction gut-on-a-chip model of the adult human intestine demonstrates beneficial effects upon inulin treatment of gut microbiome.Microbiome research reports · 2024Article
- Relationship between pathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Microbial interventions in yak colibacillosis: Lactobacillus-mediated regulation of intestinal barrier.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Engineering Probiotics for Diabetes Management: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions in Translational Microbiology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Gut Microbiota and Endometriosis: Exploring the Relationship and Therapeutic Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessment of selected muscle damage markers and zonulin concentration after maximum-intensity exercise in men with type 1 diabetes treated with a personal insulin pump.Acta diabetologica · 2023Article
- Celiac Disease in Uzbek Children: Insights into Disease Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics in Symptomatic Pediatric Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood-onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases. The small intestine barrier forms a tightly regulated interface of the immune system with the outside world and largely controls the mucosal immune response to non-self-antigens, dictating the balance between tolerance and immune response. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of the intercellular tight junctions, important in antigen trafficking, and therefore, is a key player in regulation of the mucosal immune response. While usually tightly controlled, when the zonulin pathway is dysregulated by changes in microbiome composition and function, antigen trafficking control is lost, leading to loss of mucosal tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals. The tenant of this hypothesis is that loss of tolerance would not occur if the zonulin-dependent intestinal barrier function is restored, thereby preventing the influence of environmental triggers in individuals genetically susceptible to autoimmunity. This review outlines the current research and a structured hypothesis on how a dysregulated small intestinal epithelial barrier, a "leaky gut," may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in certain individuals at risk of both T1D and celiac disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.