ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2021
Increased Risk of ADHD at Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals in a National Birth Cohort.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Algorithms for Identifying Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Pooled it
- Association between some environmental risk factors and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Egypt: a case-control study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Maternal serum persistent organic pollutant exposure and offspring diagnosed ADHD in a national birth cohort.Environmental research · 2022Article
- The effects of birth spacing on early childhood development in high-income nations: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Interpregnancy intervals and child development at age 5: a population data linkage study.BMJ open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundShort or long interpregnancy interval (IPI) may adversely impact conditions for foetal development. Whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to IPI has been largely unexplored.
objectivesTo examine the association between IPI and ADHD in a large, population-based Finnish study.
methodsAll children born in Finland between 1991 and 2005 and diagnosed with ADHD (ICD-9 314x or ICD-10 F90.x) from 1995 to 2011 were identified using data from linked national registers. Each subject with ADHD was matched to 4 controls based on sex, date of birth, and place of birth. A total of 9564 subjects with ADHD and 34,479 matched controls were included in analyses. IPI was calculated as the time interval between sibling birth dates minus the gestational age of the second sibling. The association between IPI and ADHD was determined using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders.
resultsRelative to births with an IPI of 24 to 59 months, those with the shortest IPI (<6 months) had an increased risk of ADHD (odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12, 1.51) and the ORs for the longer IPI births (60-119 months and ≥120 months) were 1.12 (95% CI 1.02, 1.24) and 1.25 (95% CI 1.08, 1.45), respectively. The association of longer IPI with ADHD was attenuated by adjustment for maternal age at the preceding birth, and comorbid autism spectrum disorders did not explain the associations with ADHD.
conclusionsThe risk of ADHD is higher among children born following short or long IPIs although further studies are needed to explain this association.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.