ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2020
Inflammatory microenvironment remodelling by tumour cells after radiotherapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 529 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
529 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 874 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Synergies between radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a systematic review from mechanism to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Enhanced efficacy of lung cancer treatment with radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors without increased pneumonia risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Tumor ecosystem and microbiome features associated with efficacy and resistance to avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in head and neck cancer.Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Combination of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold non-small cell lung cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab and radiotherapy for multimodal organ-sparing treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer: a proof-of-concept study.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- PD-L1 imaging with [British journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- A phase II randomized trial of individualized neoantigen peptide vaccine combined with unusual radiotherapy (iNATURE) in advanced solid tumors-GCOG0028.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Impact of first-line chemoimmunotherapy with or without radiotherapy on the prognosis of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter, real-world, retrospective cohort study from China (NCT06478355).Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- PEARL: A Phase Ib/II Biomarker Study of Adding Radiation Therapy to Pembrolizumab Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Preclinical efficacy of a systemically-administered, second-generation STING agonist that promotes anti-tumour immunity in combination with radiotherapy.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Elevated CHAF1A Suppresses Type I Interferon Production and Causes Immunotherapy Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- The Landmark Series: Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Resectable Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinomas.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Current landscape and future directions of neoantigen vaccines: A new era of personalized cancer immunotherapy.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Radiation-induced CD200Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
469 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is revolutionizing the way we think about cancer treatment. Even so, for most types of cancer, only a minority of patients currently benefit from ICI therapies. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to ICIs has focused research towards new combination therapy approaches that seek to increase response rates, the depth of remission and the durability of benefit. In this Review, we describe how radiotherapy, through its immunomodulating effects, represents a promising combination partner with ICIs. We describe how recent research on DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors in combination with radiotherapy may be used to augment this approach. Radiotherapy can kill cancer cells while simultaneously triggering the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing tumour-infiltrating immune cells - phenomena often described colloquially as turning immunologically 'cold' tumours 'hot'. Here, we focus on new developments illustrating the key role of tumour cell-autonomous signalling after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy-induced tumour cell micronuclei activate cytosolic nucleic acid sensor pathways, such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING), and propagation of the resulting inflammatory signals remodels the immune contexture of the tumour microenvironment. In parallel, radiation can impact immunosurveillance by modulating neoantigen expression. Finally, we highlight how tumour cell-autonomous mechanisms might be exploited by combining DDR inhibitors, ICIs and radiotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.