ArticleBMJ open2020
Sample study protocol for adapting and translating the 5C scale to assess the psychological antecedents of vaccination.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- [Associated factors with vaccine hesitancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review].The Pan African medical journal · 2026Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A Systematic review of cognitive determinants.Health promotion perspectives · 2023Pooled it
- Factors associated with influenza vaccine uptake and intention among public transportation drivers: A cross-sectional study from Lebanon.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Assessing the willingness and preference of pregnant and postpartum women regarding RSV immunization for newborns in western China: A mixed-methods study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Profiles of Hesitancy Toward the Herpes Zoster Vaccine Among Older Adults in China: A Latent Profile Analysis.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Assessing psychological antecedents of vaccination in family health center visitors.Primary health care research & development · 2026Article
- Article
- From institutional trust to digital literacy: Socioeconomic and political determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Czech adults based on a national panel survey.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Developing a practical tool for measuring parental vaccine hesitancy: A people-centered validation approach in Dutch.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Culturally Tailored Women's Empowerment Strategies to Improve Immunization Uptake: Formative Research Using a Human-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Article
- Influenza vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among Lebanese public transportation drivers.Vaccine: X · 2025Article
- Recognizing and Addressing the Contraceptive Hesitancy-Acceptability Continuum: Adopting Lessons Learned From the Immunization Field.Global health, science and practice · 2024Article
- The intention of Egyptian healthcare workers to take the monkeypox vaccine: is urgent action required?BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Association of the belief in conspiracy narratives with vaccination status and recommendation behaviours of German physicians.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Attitude towards cholera vaccination and its related factors in Jordan amid the 2022 Middle East outbreak.BMC public health · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPublished in 2018, the 5C scale is psychometrically validated to assess five psychological antecedents of vaccination (confidence, complacency, constraints, calculation and collective responsibility). The original version offers a validated English and German scale to assess these determinants with a short 5-item scale (1 item per antecedent) and a long 15-item scale (3 items per antecedent). This sample study protocol provides a step-by-step guidance for the process of adapting the 5C scale to another country, language or cultural context. Data obtained from the 5C scale can support developing, implementing and evaluating an intervention and monitoring of general vaccine acceptance and demand. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Phase 1 comprises the adaptation of the 5C scale including the translation and back translation of the antecedents, an expert evaluation of the antecedents and the identification of new antecedents as well as a pretest. Phase 2 involves the validation of the translated and potentially expanded scale including the assessment of reliability, construct and concurrent validity of all items of the scale. Code for data analysis is provided. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The University of Erfurt's institutional review board provided ethical clearance (EV-201900416.2). The authors suggest and encourage publicly sharing all data obtained from the translated 5C scale (eg, on publication). The materials and the code for data analysis to support the process described in this protocol are available in https://osf.io/2agxe/. Sharing data on vaccine acceptance and demand is in the public and the scientific interest and will facilitate gaining a global overview of its current state and development over time. The authors of the original 5C scale are currently working on an online platform to facilitate publishing the data and to visualise the psychological antecedents across different countries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.