ArticleMedical physics2020
Creation of an anthropomorphic CT head phantom for verification of image segmentation.
Article in Medical physics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a 3D-printed canine head phantom for veterinary radiotherapy.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Article
- Bake your phantom-low-cost recipes for dough-based, tissue-mimicking CT phantoms.European radiology · 2026Article
- Silicone phantoms fabricated with multi-material extrusion 3D printing technology mimicking imaging properties of soft tissues in CT.Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik · 2025Article
- Production of heterogenous bone radiopacity phantom using 3D printing.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of Dose Calculation Accuracy of TiGRT Treatment Planning System Versus BEAMnrc Simulation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Phantom study.Journal of medical signals and sensors · 2025Article
- Utilisation of 3D Printing in the Manufacturing of an Anthropomorphic Paediatric Head Phantom for the Optimisation of Scanning Parameters in CT.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- 3D printed patient-specific thorax phantom with realistic heterogenous bone radiopacity using filament printer technology.Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMany methods are available to segment structural magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain into different tissue types. These have generally been developed for research purposes but there is some clinical use in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. The potential exists for computed tomography (CT) segmentation to be used in place of MRI segmentation, but this will require a method to verify the accuracy of CT processing, particularly if algorithms developed for MR are used, as MR has notably greater tissue contrast.
methodsTo investigate these issues we have created a three-dimensional (3D) printed brain with realistic Hounsfield unit (HU) values based on tissue maps segmented directly from an individual T1 MRI scan of a normal subject. Several T1 MRI scans of normal subjects from the ADNI database were segmented using SPM12 and used to create stereolithography files of different tissues for 3D printing. The attenuation properties of several material blends were investigated, and three suitable formulations were used to print an object expected to have realistic geometry and attenuation properties. A skull was simulated by coating the object with plaster of Paris impregnated bandages. Using two CT scanners, the realism of the phantom was assessed by the measurement of HU values, SPM12 segmentation and comparison with the source data used to create the phantom.
resultsRealistic relative HU values were measured although a subtraction of 60 was required to obtain equivalence with the expected values (gray matter 32.9-35.8 phantom, 29.9-34.2 literature). Segmentation of images acquired at different kVps/mAs showed excellent agreement with the source data (Dice Similarity Coefficient 0.79 for gray matter). The performance of two scanners with two segmentation methods was compared, with the scanners found to have similar performance and with one segmentation method clearly superior to the other.
conclusionThe ability to use 3D printing to create a realistic (in terms of geometry and attenuation properties) head phantom has been demonstrated and used in an initial assessment of CT segmentation accuracy using freely available software developed for MRI.
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